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In modern politics, cabinet ministers are major actors in the arena
of power as they occupy a strategic locus of command from which
vital, authoritative decisions flow continuously. Who are these
uppermost policy-makers? What are their background characteristics
and credentials? How are they selected and which career paths do
they travel in their ascent to power? This set of research issues
has guided this collection, a comprehensive, empirical account of
the composition and patterns of recruitment of ministerial elites
in Southern Europe throughout the last 150 years, thus encompassing
different historical circumstances and political settings -
liberal, authoritarian and democratic. With original, comparative
data from the 19th century to the present, it provides valuable
material for debates about how regime change and economic
development affect who governs. First published in 2003 by Frank
Cass / Reprinted in 2012 by Routledge
This volume analyzes regime politics in the developing world. By
focusing on the civilian, collective actors that forge democracy
and sustain it, this book moves beyond materialist arguments
focusing on gross domestic product (GDP), poverty, and inequality.
With case material from four continents, this volume emphasizes the
decisive role played by parties and movements in forging democracy
against the odds. These pivotal collectivities are consistently the
key civilian collectivities that successfully mobilized for
democracy, that helped forge enduring democratic institutions, and
that shaped the quality of the democracies that emerged; they are
the ones tasked with mobilizing along a range of social cleavages,
confronting seemingly inhospitable conditions, and coordinating the
process of regime change. While the presence of parties and
movements alone is not sufficient to explain democracy, their
absence is detrimental to enduring democratic regimes. Thus, this
volume refocuses our attention on parties and movements as critical
mechanisms of regime change.
This volume analyzes regime politics in the developing world. By
focusing on the civilian, collective actors that forge democracy
and sustain it, this book moves beyond materialist arguments
focusing on gross domestic product (GDP), poverty, and inequality.
With case material from four continents, this volume emphasizes the
decisive role played by parties and movements in forging democracy
against the odds. These pivotal collectivities are consistently the
key civilian collectivities that successfully mobilized for
democracy, that helped forge enduring democratic institutions, and
that shaped the quality of the democracies that emerged; they are
the ones tasked with mobilizing along a range of social cleavages,
confronting seemingly inhospitable conditions, and coordinating the
process of regime change. While the presence of parties and
movements alone is not sufficient to explain democracy, their
absence is detrimental to enduring democratic regimes. Thus, this
volume refocuses our attention on parties and movements as critical
mechanisms of regime change.
The movement for European integration has yielded a European Union of fifteen states with a unified monetary system that will eventually embrace over 370 million people. If current trends continue, an average of one in ten of these people will be unemployed. This book is about unemployment and European unification. It examines the consequences of each and their interconnections. It presents general essays on Europe as a whole, on labor unions and on a variety of case studies including Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands. Its central argument is that the European economy should be reformed but that it should retain many of its managed aspects and be wary of modeling itself on the United States. The book contributes to the literature on European politics, political economy, and comparative public policy.
The movement for European integration has yielded a European Union of fifteen states with a unified monetary system that will eventually embrace over 370 million people. If current trends continue, an average of one in ten of these people will be unemployed. This book is about unemployment and European unification. It examines the consequences of each and their interconnections. It presents general essays on Europe as a whole, on labor unions and on a variety of case studies including Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands. Its central argument is that the European economy should be reformed but that it should retain many of its managed aspects and be wary of modeling itself on the United States. The book contributes to the literature on European politics, political economy, and comparative public policy.
The impact of the Great Depression on politics in the 1930s was
both transformative and shocking. The role of government in America
was forever transformed, and across Europe socialist, communist,
and fascist parties saw their support skyrocket. Most famously, the
National Socialists seized power in Germany in 1933, setting off a
chain of events that led to the greatest conflagration in world
history. The recent Great Recession has not been as severe as the
Great Recession, but it has been severe enough, producing a half
decade of negative and/or slow growth across the advanced
industrial world. Yet the response by voters has been
extraordinarily muted considering the circumstances. Why is this?
In Mass Politics in Tough Times, the eminent political scientists
Larry Bartels and Nancy Bermeo have gathered a group of leading
scholars to analyze the political responses to the Great Recession
in the US, Western Europe, and East-Central Europe. In contrast to
works that focus on policy responses to the Recession, they examine
how ordinary voters have responded. In almost every country, most
voters have not shifted their allegiance to either far left or far
right parties. Instead, they've continued to act as they have in
more normal times: vote based on their own personal circumstances
and punish the incumbents who were on watch when the bad turn
occurred regardless of whether they were center-left or
center-right. In some countries, electoral trends that existed
before the Recession have continued. The US, for instance, saw no
real increase in popular support for an expanded welfare state. In
fact, the anti-regulatory right, which gained strength before the
Recession occurred, experienced a series of victories in Wisconsin
after 2008. Interestingly, states that had strong welfare systems
have seen the least political realignment. As the contributors
show, ordinary voters tend to vote based on their own experiences,
and those in expansive welfare states have been buffered from the
harshest effects of the Recession. That said, states with weaker
welfare systems-e.g., Greece-have seen significant political
turmoil. Moreover, there have been a small number of cases of
popular radicalization, and the contributors have been able to
isolate the cause: when voters can establish a clear and direct
connection between the actions of political elites and economic
hardship, they will throw their support to protest parties on the
right and left. Ultimately, though, the picture is one of
relatively stoic acceptance of the downturn by the majority of
publics. Featuring an impressive range of cases, this will stand as
the most comprehensive scholarly account of the Great Recession's
impact on political behavior in advanced economies.
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