Medicine and social sciences are concerned in their own special way with human behavior. The term 'social sciences' is applied to those disciplines which are committed to the scientific examination of human behaviour. These are economics, political science, sociology, social psychology and social anthropology. The term 'behavioural sciences' is applied to the last three, i.e., sociology, social psychology and social anthropology, because they deal directly with human behaviour.

When faced with the challenge of restoring an endodontically treated tooth, the dentist must decide, first, whether the post is required and second, the type of restoration that is indicated. Earlier a post was thought to strengthen the root of an endodontically treated tooth. But it is widely held today that the primary purpose of post placement is to retain the core buildup material or to reinforce the remaining coronal tooth structure. It is difficult to discuss the longevity of teeth restored by a post because there are many variables to control. The long term clinical success of an endodontically treated tooth is dependent on many factors. The successful treatment of a badly broken down tooth with pulpal disease depends not only on good endodontic therapy, but also on good prosthetic reconstruction of the tooth after endodontic therapy is completed. The decision to place a post is based on several parameters. These include the position of the tooth in the arch, occlusion, function of the restored tooth, amount of remaining tooth structure and canal configuration.

Physical anthropology focuses on human biological variation through time and space. Except for those who work in primate paleontology, the temporal bounds of the field are set by hominid origins some five to eight millions years ago and extended across time through a diversity of hominid fossil species to modern members of Homo sapiens. The geographic bounds extend to all parts of the globe habitable by human populations. Methods employed for conducting research on human variation run the gamut from anatomical measurements and observations to physiological parameters and DNA.

Although effective methods are known for prevention & management of dental caries, it is a major problem affecting mankind, in that its manifestations persist throughout life despite treatment .There are practically no geographic areas in the world whose inhabitants do not exhibit some evidence of dental caries. It effects the persons of both genders in all socio-economic strata & every age group. Subjects who never develop carious lesions are designated caries-free & no satisfactory explanation is given. Many investigators have studied various aspects of dental caries for century. Despite this, many aspects of etiology & pathophysiology of caries are still obscure & efforts at prevention have only been partially successful.

Epidemiology began with the first man and first woman - Adam and Eve. Every study design has it's own uniqueness, beauty and some limitations. So according to the research problem, availability of data, resources like time, money, material and manpower and the desired outcomes different epidemiological methods can be employed. In the last few years, the method of epidemiology has been refined and tremendous attention is been given to update knowledge of disease burden in population which is essential for health authorities, which seek to use limited resources to the best possible effect by identifying priority health programmes for preventive care and promotion of positive health. Thus epidemiology seems to be the best panacea (field of interest) for identification and control of disease.

Dentistry is both an art and a science. It is a science because our fundamental understandings - or building blocks of knowledge, are based on the scientific process of research. This includes basic, applied, and clinical research. It is an art where it is based on experience and personal observation. The synthesis of scientific understanding (evidence) and clinical observation (evidence) provides the basis for meaningful dental care. Evidence based approach is ideal in today's situation and we doctors should be well versed with this approach and use evidence wisely in clinical decision making.

In the dental profession one of the most promising means of meeting the current patient demand for care, preparing for the future, and relieving over worked doctors has been the inception of the physician assistant, nurse practitioner, and nurse anesthetist programs and all expended duty delivery systems. Improvement in socioeconomic status, increased educational levels, and third party payment programs have intensified the demands for care upon the dental practitioner..as if this demand for care were not enough, the prospect of national health insurance will serve to create more pressure. Those likely to be the hardest hit are the dentist s and patient in the inner cities and rural areas. A method of meeting of patients dental needs in the concept of expanding the duties of present auxiliary field to provide a system which delivers more care efficiently and effectively without sacrifice of quality standards.