Environmental degradation in the world is one of discussing problems in the literature for many decades. There are a lot of factors discussed that worsen our environment. Environmental degradation due to the pollution from fossil fuels induce countries to decrease their use, however, until the productivity of renewable resources reaches the necessary level, countries continue to be highly dependent on non-renewable sources. Another important issue is increasing waste in all spheres of our life. One of the solutions for the environmental degradation slowdown is in circular economy. The circular economy aims to produce as less waste as possible by reusing materials in new productions. The circular economy is becoming part of many different sectors of an economy. This book discusses and analyzes different sectors that are starting to be involved in the circular economy process in Turkey.

Energy policy has always been important to the population for stability and to advance technological progress and economic growth. The scope of energy discussions and concerns in the world have expanded significantly in the last several decades. In order to cope with accelerating pollution from fossil fuels, countries have increased investments in renewable energy power plants. However, the existing technology does not allow for the significant increase of the capacity of renewable energy facilities in a short period. As a result, in order to maintain economic growth, countries continue to be highly dependent on fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal. At the same time, some countries start to encounter such problems as depletion of their oil and natural gas resources. The aim of this book is to analyze energy resources in the Middle East and Eastern Europe and relations between countries that appear as a result of new discoveries in this area.

Turkey and Russia are countries with growing international importance. Turkish-Russian Relations: Prospects and Challenges analyzes Turkish-Russian relations from multiple perspectives in order to better understand the multifaceted arenas of their cooperation and how these relations may affect the collaboration with other countries. The first part of this book starts with a geopolitical analysis of Turkish-Russian relations in the context of the Middle East and then delves into the origin of these relations with reference to Cold War realities still in play today. The next part of the book analyzes the Turkish-Russian relations in terms of micro-level studies, with special reference to mass media, suicide, and migration, to give color to a dynamic and constantly changing geopolitical relationship.

Greek-Turkish relations, despite some detente periods in their shared history, have been generally characterized by hostility and antagonism. But a significant breakthrough in Greek-Turkish relations was achieved in 1999, although certain signs of rapprochement were already present in the pre-1999 period. This date initiated a new era between the two countries thanks to a series of important events, such as the Helsinki summit, the earthquakes that occurred in 1999 in Turkey and in Greece, and the common initiatives of the Greek and Turkish Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Since then, bilateral relations have changed direction toward the positive. In order to better understand contemporary Greek-Turkish relations, this book covers a number of different aspects including the current state of minorities, the development of the contemporary Turkish national discourse, the narratives of friendship between the two nations, the influence of electronic media for the reconciliation process, and the role of civil actors for changing the perception of the "other." In a period where Greece is struggling to overcome its chronic financial problems and Turkey is being shaped by major political events, the relations between the two countries become highly important, especially in addition to their geographical position near a destabilized geopolitical region. This book is addressed to anyone who is interested in understanding the relations between Greece and Turkey today and in forecasting their future relations-and, by consequence, the future of the eastern Mediterranean area.