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What happens when partisanship is pushed to its extreme? In With
Ballots and Bullets, Nathan P. Kalmoe combines historical and
political science approaches to provide new insight into the
American Civil War and deepen contemporary understandings of mass
partisanship. The book reveals the fundamental role of partisanship
in shaping the dynamics and legacies of the Civil War, drawing on
an original analysis of newspapers and geo-coded data on voting
returns and soldier enlistments, as well as retrospective surveys.
Kalmoe shows that partisan identities motivated mass violence by
ordinary citizens, not extremists, when activated by leaders and
legitimated by the state. Similar processes also enabled partisans
to rationalize staggering war casualties into predetermined vote
choices, shaping durable political habits and memory after the
war's end. Findings explain much about nineteenth century American
politics, but the book also yields lessons for today, revealing the
latent capacity of political leaders to mobilize violence.
Radical partisanship among ordinary Americans is rising, and it
poses grave risks for the prospects of American democracy.
Political violence is rising in the United States, with Republicans
and Democrats divided along racial and ethnic lines that spurred
massive bloodshed and democratic collapse earlier in the nation's
history. The January 6, 2021 insurrection and the partisan
responses that ensued are a vivid illustration of how deep these
currents run. How did American politics become so divided that we
cannot agree on how to categorize an attack on our own Capitol? For
over four years, through a series of surveys and experiments,
Nathan P. Kalmoe and Lilliana Mason have been studying radicalism
among ordinary American partisans. In this groundbreaking book,
they draw on new evidence-as well as insights from history,
psychology, and political science-to put our present partisan
fractiousness in context and to explain broad patterns of political
and social change. Early chapters reveal the scope of the problem,
who radical partisans are, and trends over time, while later
chapters identify the conditions that partisans say justify
violence and test how elections, political violence, and messages
from leaders enflame or pacify radical views. Kalmoe and Mason find
that ordinary partisanship is far more dangerous than pundits and
scholars have recognized. However, these findings are not a
forecast of inevitable doom; the current climate also brings
opportunities to confront democratic threats head-on and to create
a more inclusive politics. Timely and thought-provoking, Radical
American Partisanship is vital reading for understanding our
current political landscape.
Radical partisanship among ordinary Americans is rising, and it
poses grave risks for the prospects of American democracy.
Political violence is rising in the United States, with Republicans
and Democrats divided along racial and ethnic lines that spurred
massive bloodshed and democratic collapse earlier in the nation's
history. The January 6, 2021 insurrection and the partisan
responses that ensued are a vivid illustration of how deep these
currents run. How did American politics become so divided that we
cannot agree on how to categorize an attack on our own Capitol? For
over four years, through a series of surveys and experiments,
Nathan P. Kalmoe and Lilliana Mason have been studying radicalism
among ordinary American partisans. In this groundbreaking book,
they draw on new evidence-as well as insights from history,
psychology, and political science-to put our present partisan
fractiousness in context and to explain broad patterns of political
and social change. Early chapters reveal the scope of the problem,
who radical partisans are, and trends over time, while later
chapters identify the conditions that partisans say justify
violence and test how elections, political violence, and messages
from leaders enflame or pacify radical views. Kalmoe and Mason find
that ordinary partisanship is far more dangerous than pundits and
scholars have recognized. However, these findings are not a
forecast of inevitable doom; the current climate also brings
opportunities to confront democratic threats head-on and to create
a more inclusive politics. Timely and thought-provoking, Radical
American Partisanship is vital reading for understanding our
current political landscape.
What happens when partisanship is pushed to its extreme? In With
Ballots and Bullets, Nathan P. Kalmoe combines historical and
political science approaches to provide new insight into the
American Civil War and deepen contemporary understandings of mass
partisanship. The book reveals the fundamental role of partisanship
in shaping the dynamics and legacies of the Civil War, drawing on
an original analysis of newspapers and geo-coded data on voting
returns and soldier enlistments, as well as retrospective surveys.
Kalmoe shows that partisan identities motivated mass violence by
ordinary citizens, not extremists, when activated by leaders and
legitimated by the state. Similar processes also enabled partisans
to rationalize staggering war casualties into predetermined vote
choices, shaping durable political habits and memory after the
war's end. Findings explain much about nineteenth century American
politics, but the book also yields lessons for today, revealing the
latent capacity of political leaders to mobilize violence.
Congress is crippled by ideological conflict. The political parties
are more polarized today than at any time since the Civil War.
Americans disagree, fiercely, about just about everything, from
terrorism and national security, to taxes and government spending,
to immigration and gay marriage. Well, American elites disagree
fiercely. But average Americans do not. This, at least, was the
position staked out by Philip Converse in his famous essay on
belief systems, which drew on surveys carried out during the
Eisenhower Era to conclude that most Americans were innocent of
ideology. In Neither Liberal nor Conservative, Donald Kinder and
Nathan Kalmoe argue that ideological innocence applies nearly as
well to the current state of American public opinion. Real liberals
and real conservatives are found in impressive numbers only among
those who are deeply engaged in political life. The ideological
battles between American political elites show up as scattered
skirmishes in the general public, if they show up at all. If
ideology is out of reach for all but a few who are deeply and
seriously engaged in political life, how do Americans decide whom
to elect president; whether affirmative action is good or bad?
Kinder and Kalmoe offer a persuasive group-centered answer.
Political preferences arise less from ideological differences than
from the attachments and antagonisms of group life.
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