"PURGE the world of dead art, imitation, artificial art. . . . Promote living art, anti-art, promote NON ART REALITY to be grasped by all peoples," writes artist George Maciunas in his Fluxus manifesto of 1963. Reacting against an elitist art world enthralled by modernist aesthetics, Fluxus encouraged playfulness, chance, irreverence, and viewer participation. The diverse collective--including George Brecht, Robert Filliou, Dick Higgins, Alison Knowles, George Maciunas, Yoko Ono, Nam June Paik, Benjamin Patterson, Takako Saito, Mieko Shiomi, Ben Vautier, and Robert Watts--embraced humble objects and everyday gestures as critical means of finding freedom and excitement beyond traditional forms of art-making. While today the Fluxus collective is recognized for its radical neo-avant-garde works of performance, publishing, and relational art and its experimental, interdisciplinary approach, it was not taken seriously in its own time. With Fluxus Forms, Natilee Harren captures the magnetic energy of Fluxus activities and collaborations that emerged at the intersections of art, music, performance, and literature. The book offers insight into the nature of art in the 1960s as it traces the international development of the collective's unique intermedia works--including event scores and Fluxbox multiples--that irreversibly expanded the boundaries of contemporary art.

The history of innovative intermedia art practices in America.   In 1965, American artist and Fluxus cofounder Dick Higgins stated that much of the best art being made at the time fell between media. He linked the dismantling of divisions among media to decompartmentalization in society and the impending dawn of a “classless� society. After high art, he wrote, came the deluge brought on by Marcel Duchamp’s ready-mades, Robert Rauschenberg’s combines, and Alan Kaprow’s happenings. Intermedia, the term Higgins selected to describe this trend, referred to works of art that fuse different, often nontraditional, media. In intermedia, boundaries between mediums dissolve and new mediums emerge. Never a prescriptive term, intermedia remains fluid, both as an artistic practice and an art historical category.   The essays in this volume consider a range of subjects from nineteenth- and twentieth-century American art and visual culture, exploring instances of intermedia within specific cultural, social, and historical contexts and in relation to theories of media, image-making, and materiality. They present a rich account of American artistic practice as an open system of medial interrelation and exchange, highlighting experimental cross-pollinations and mutations among artistic forms.