Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) also known as brinjal is a vital cheap summer vegetable. It has medicinal properties.Eggplant is severely damaged by root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita.The present investigation was carried out to access the effectiveness of Paecilomyces lilacinus and the Radiant in various combinations on the reproduction of M. incognita on eggplant.The interaction of P. lilacinus and Radiant was determined individually, concomitantly, and sequentially on reproduction of M. incognita on eggplant under greenhouse. The reproduction of root- knot nematode, M. incognita was significantly reduced in the concomitant treatment consisting of both bioagent and bioprouct followed by sequential and individual treatment of Radiant.Our findings suggest that the bioproducts and the bioagents have the ability to regulate nematode population.

A thorough survey of four tehsils of Sargodha District was carried out to investigate the present status of citrus decline in citrus orchards. The maximum fungi (39.52 %) were isolated from the roots followed by the soil (38.86%). The maximum Fusarium spp followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria were isolated from the collected samples of roots and soil from the four tehsils of Sargodha District. The maximum Fusarium spp was isolated from the roots of declining citrus trees from the tehsil Bhalwal (68.57%) followed by the Kot Momin (65.87%), Sillanwali (55.87%) and Sargodha (50.32%). F. solani gave the maximum mycelial growth on the Corn Meal Dextrose Agar medium followed by the Potato Dextrose Agar medium and then Malt Extract Agar medium. The maximum growth of F. solani was observed at pH 6 followed by 5, 4 and 7. While minimum growth was obtained at 3, 8 and 9 pH respectively Toxin studies were also carried out using thin layer chromatography which revealed that F. Solani produces toxins (anhydrofusarubin) which may cause decline in citrus.

Rice is being consumed by large population of the world. It is the leading crop in Asia and more than two billion people depend on rice for more than half the carbohydrates and calories. It is an important food and cash crop of Pakistan and Pakistan is famous all over the world for its good taste aromatic rice. But unfortunately, despite of all the advancements in production technologies a considerable portion of the produce is lost to diseases. Many devastating diseases which affect the economics of rice, bakanae disease is one of them. Over the previous few years, the causal agent (Fusarium moniliforme) of bakanae is constantly present in the major rice growing areas (especially in the Punjab Province) of the Pakistan. So, there was a dire need of comprehensive studies on the management of paddy diseases. This guide book provides the scientific methodology and protocol for the management of paddy diseases and a roadmap for the farmers, researchers and students of plant sciences.

The present study clearly emphasizes that resistant or slow rusting varieties should be cultivated under farmers field conditions, to avoid the yield losses of stripe and leaf rusts in wheat varieties/lines.All the environmental conditions significantly influenced leaf rust than the stripe rust. A significant correlation was observed between leaf rust and maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall and sun shine radiations. However, non significant correlation were found between stripe rust and the environmental conditions. When maximum and minimum temperature increased the leaf rust severity also increased. Similarly the sunshine radiations and rainfall influenced positive effect on the leaf rust. Leaf rust infection on different varieties/lines increased with an increase in sunshine radiations and rainfall.