Mathematics Applied to Engineering in Action: Advanced Theories, Methods, and Models focuses on material relevant to solving the kinds of mathematical problems regularly confronted by engineers. This new volume explains how an engineer should properly define the physical and mathematical problem statements, choose the computational approach, and solve the problem by a proven reliable approach. It presents the theoretical background necessary for solving problems, including definitions, rules, formulas, and theorems on the particular theme. The book aims to apply advanced mathematics using real-world problems to illustrate mathematical ideas. This approach emphasizes the relevance of mathematics to engineering problems, helps to motivate the reader, and gives examples of mathematical concepts in a context familiar to the research students. The volume is intended for professors and instructors, scientific researchers, students, and industry professionals. It will help readers to choose the most appropriate mathematical modeling method to solve engineering problems.

In this book, new developments based on conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) and its applications in chemistry are discussed. It also includes discussion of some applications in corrosion and conductivity and synthesis studies based on CDFT. The electronic structure principles-such as the electronegativity equalization principle, the hardness equalization principle, the electrophilicity equalization principle, and the nucleophilicity equalization principle, along studies based on these electronic structure principles-are broadly explained. In recent years some novel methodologies have been developed in the field of CDFT. These methodologies have been used to explore mutual relationships between the descriptors of CDFT, namely electronegativity, hardness, etc. The mutual relationship between the electronegativity and the hardness depend on the electronic configuration of the neutral atomic species. The volume attempts to cover almost all such methodology. Conceptual Density Function Theory and Its Application in the Chemical Domain will be an appropriate guide for research students as well as the supervisors in PhD programs. It will also be valuable resource for inorganic chemists, physical chemists, and quantum chemists. The reviews, research articles, short communications, etc., covered by this book will be appreciated by theoreticians as well as experimentalists.

This new volume, Research Methodologies and Practical Applications of Chemistry, presents a detailed analysis of current experimental and theoretical approaches surrounding chemical science. With an emphasis on multidisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary applications, the book extensively reviews fundamental principles and presents recent research to help show logical connections between the theory and application of modern chemistry concepts. It also emphasizes the behavior of materials from the molecular point of view. The burgeoning field of chemistry and chemical science has led to many recent technological innovations and discoveries. Understanding the impact of these technologies on business, science, and industry is an important first step in developing applications for a variety of settings and contexts. The aim of this book is to present research that has transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. The book examines the strengths and future potential of chemical technologies in a variety of industries.

This book focuses mainly on the recent developments of all types of theoretical, mathematical, and computational conceptions, as well as modelling and simulation of specific research themes covering all scientific and technical disciplines from chemistry, physics, and engineering to biology and medicine. The book contains timely reviews and research covering fundamental and applied research aspects in all disciplines of natural sciences, including their historical representations and philosophical perspectives. The book discusses the fact that the largest and smallest values of the fukui function and local softness do not necessarily correspond to the softness and hardness regions of the molecules such as porphyrins. The authors have adopted two popular calculation procedures for this venture. One is the very old Huckel molecular orbital calculation, and the other is one of best semi-empirical AM-1 procedures for such systems. Our finding is that neither the fukui functions nor the local softnesses can predict the preferred donor sites of porphyrins toward metal ions.

Mathematics Applied to Engineering in Action: Advanced Theories, Methods, and Models focuses on material relevant to solving the kinds of mathematical problems regularly confronted by engineers. This new volume explains how an engineer should properly define the physical and mathematical problem statements, choose the computational approach, and solve the problem by a proven reliable approach. It presents the theoretical background necessary for solving problems, including definitions, rules, formulas, and theorems on the particular theme. The book aims to apply advanced mathematics using real-world problems to illustrate mathematical ideas. This approach emphasizes the relevance of mathematics to engineering problems, helps to motivate the reader, and gives examples of mathematical concepts in a context familiar to the research students. The volume is intended for professors and instructors, scientific researchers, students, and industry professionals. It will help readers to choose the most appropriate mathematical modeling method to solve engineering problems.

This new volume, Research Methodologies and Practical Applications of Chemistry, presents a detailed analysis of current experimental and theoretical approaches surrounding chemical science. With an emphasis on multidisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary applications, the book extensively reviews fundamental principles and presents recent research to help show logical connections between the theory and application of modern chemistry concepts. It also emphasizes the behavior of materials from the molecular point of view. The burgeoning field of chemistry and chemical science has led to many recent technological innovations and discoveries. Understanding the impact of these technologies on business, science, and industry is an important first step in developing applications for a variety of settings and contexts. The aim of this book is to present research that has transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. The book examines the strengths and future potential of chemical technologies in a variety of industries.

In this book, new developments based on conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) and its applications in chemistry are discussed. It also includes discussion of some applications in corrosion and conductivity and synthesis studies based on CDFT. The electronic structure principles-such as the electronegativity equalization principle, the hardness equalization principle, the electrophilicity equalization principle, and the nucleophilicity equalization principle, along studies based on these electronic structure principles-are broadly explained. In recent years some novel methodologies have been developed in the field of CDFT. These methodologies have been used to explore mutual relationships between the descriptors of CDFT, namely electronegativity, hardness, etc. The mutual relationship between the electronegativity and the hardness depend on the electronic configuration of the neutral atomic species. The volume attempts to cover almost all such methodology. Conceptual Density Function Theory and Its Application in the Chemical Domain will be an appropriate guide for research students as well as the supervisors in PhD programs. It will also be valuable resource for inorganic chemists, physical chemists, and quantum chemists. The reviews, research articles, short communications, etc., covered by this book will be appreciated by theoreticians as well as experimentalists.

This book comparatively assesses the China and India's soft power strategy in Iran. By employing Joseph S. Nye's "Soft Power" theory and forming the new concept of "Power of Bonding", this book formulated China and India's soft power narratives and applied it through the empirical analysis in Iran. Based on this theory, this book seeks explanations for the question of "How China and India respectively, strategically and comparatively use the soft power strategy in Iran?". To reach the find-out, this book compares the understanding, resources, strategies, influences and uses of China and India's soft power in Iran under three thematic areas, including "power of bonding through cultural attractions, and attributions"; "political and diplomatic engagement" and "economic partnerships". By analysing China and India's soft power strategy in Iran, this book seeks to contribute to the soft power literature through a theoretical replication based on non-Western soft power strategy, the concept and its empirical application in China and India.

This handbook discusses different countries' bureaucratic, institutional, constitutional, reforms and governance system. It analyses the legislative and policy making processes and applications, local structures and functions of public administration in a given country. It presents the comparative aspects of public administration across the globe with recent developments in the field.

This handbook discusses different countries’ bureaucratic, institutional, constitutional, reforms and governance system.  It analyses the legislative and policy ‎making processes and applications, local structures and functions of public administration in a ‎given country. It presents ‎the comparative aspects of public administration across the globe with recent developments in ‎the field. 

This book discusses the current reality and the future of ethnic Rohingyas in Myanmar. It presents Myanmar's history, policy, politics and, most importantly, while focusing on Rohingya ethnic conflict, presents a resolution by looking at the global and regional policies and politics of South Asia and South-East Asia. The recent coup unfolded in Myanmar and the detention of the democratic leaders has surprised the world with its subsequent emergency declaration in 2021, thus making this book relevant and well-timed. Eventually, the book offers an account of a previously little known, yet much-discussed role of media, international actors, human trafficking, and humanitarian-based resolution for Rohingya refugee crisis. It shows a new perspective in the post-Rohingya influx era of Bangladesh and the neighbouring countries.

1. Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh Solar Energy Biomass Energy Hydro-power Energy Wind Energy & Marine Power 2. Roles Non-governmental Organizations towards the Renewable Energy Technologies 3. Government Policy on Renewable Energy Technologies 4. The Way towards Meeting the Ever-growing Energy Crises in Bangladesh 5. Future Prospects of Sustainability of Renewable Energy Technologies in Bangladesh 6. Barriers behind the Development of the Alternative Renewable Energy Technologies Financial Barriers Funding Barriers Policy Barriers Information Barriers Barriers towards Expert Human Resource Technical Barriers & Market Barriers 7. The Need for Development of a Strong Policy Framework that will not only Address All the Barriers Mentioned but also Introduce a New Chapter in the Sectors of Renewable Energy Technologies"

Of late, the use of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is gaining momentum in military and commercial applications. Due to some unique characteristics of MANET, it is important that appropriate network and transport layer protocols be deployed to effectively maintain such network. Despite that many MANET routing protocols and TCP variants have been developed in recent years, current literature reveals only a limited number of studies on their performance. More specifically, very few researches hitherto had been attempted to realistically evaluating their performance. This book, therefore, has contemplated four routing protocols along with three existing TCP variants in order to assess their performance in a few realistic MANET scenarios, which eventually help better understand their comparative merits and suitability for deployment under different network scenarios. In this context, it presents a description on aspects related to the task of MANET modeling and experimental designs. The book is targeted not only to the students and researchers working with MANET, but also to the practitioner-engineers who design ad-hoc network models in real life applications.

In this work a systematic account of the concepts and the trends in the development of electronegativity, a fundamental property of atoms, ions, groups, bonds and molecules is given. Some important applications of the concept of electronegativity in the chemical world are also discussed. We have also calculated the molecular electronegativity, internuclear distance, atomic polar tensor, bond energy, standard enthalpies of formation, dipole charge, and dipole moment of some extremely ionic compounds and covalent molecules. As some dimensional inconsistencies in the formulae for the evaluation of bond energy and standard enthalpies of formation are found, we have suggested semi-empirical formulae for them.

The present work contains the scope of theoretical field and the aim of the work, the history of periodic table and periodicity of elements, the concept of different Quantum Mechanical Methods, Semi-Empirical Methods, the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation, Slater Determinant, Wave Functions, Slater's Rules, the Average Value Theorem, Variational Principle, Hartree Self-Consistent Field Method, Post-Hartree-Fock methods, Configuration interaction, Coupled cluster and the concept of density functional theory, the Method of Computation and the comparative study of the major methods for computing the periodic parameters.

Vanadium is an essential element in biological systems, participating in enzymic reactions. In addition, vanadate has shown great utility as a tool in molecular biology for recognizing and understanding the structure of phosphate binding proteins, by catalytic photocleavage of the peptide backbone. It is evidence that till now we are unable to study a bio molecule such as enzyme, protein chain, polypeptide etc, completely. To know the actual structure and function of the molecules, it is necessary to prepare some model compounds analogous to the bio-molecules of interest. V- compounds and vanadium-containing In this project, to study the vanadium protein interaction, an attempt was made to prepare model mixed ligand oxoperoxo compounds. Proteins may be intricately involved in vanadium binding in organisms. Peptides are the best one which most closely related models of proteins.Further, an attempt was made to prepare Oxovanadium (IV) complexes with Schiff's base. Mixed ligand peroxovanadium (V) complexes have also been attempted.

In this work, within the DFT framework, the chemical reactivity descriptors are evaluated and they are used to correlate the toxic nature of some Polychlorinated biphenyls. We have used semi- empirical AM1 procedure, to compute the orbital energies (HOMO, LUMO). The Ionization energies and electron affinities are calculated using the Koopmans theorem. The hardness and the electronegativity of the PCBs are calculated using the Parr Pearson formula. The electrophilicity index was calculated using the formula of Parr et al. We have plotted the computed hardness values with the observed pIC value and have found a good correlation.

The fundamental idea of chemistry is that the physical and chemical properties of molecules are determined in terms of their topological and electronic structures. It is widely accepted that the structural formula of an organic compound contains all its chemical,biological and physical properties coded in it.The drug- bacteria interaction is nothing but simply a chemical process. Many drug active molecules act by binding specifically and all of the sites of a molecule are not active. Drug- bacteria interaction takes place not globally but locally.The QSAR and QSPR are the attempts to correlate structural or property descriptors of compounds with some of their specific biological activity in terms of some mathematical formulations.In this works, within the paradigm of QSAR/QSPR and using global and local reactivity descriptors of DFT and MO theory we have found a nice correlation between theoretically computed and experimentally determined drug activities.

The interesting structures of naturally occurring porphyrins, its isomer, and substituted analogs have been perfected by nature to give functional dyes par excellence.Although there are a good number of literatures discussing the study of the global quantum chemical reactivity parameter of porphyrins, but the study of the local quantum chemical reactivity parameters of porphyrins are limited. The study of the local reactivity parameters for better understanding of the preferred sites for coordination with the metal ion (electron acceptor) of the porphyrins are carried out invoking semi- empirical methods to realize the charge distribution on the different atomic sites of porphyrins to analyze the use of different reactivity descriptors for the prediction of the coordination sites for them.We have tried to establish the fact that the largest and smallest value of the fukui function and local softness do not necessarily correspond to the softness and hardness regions of the molecules like porphyrins.

This book focuses mainly on the recent developments of all types of theoretical, mathematical, and computational conceptions, as well as modelling and simulation of specific research themes covering all scientific and technical disciplines from chemistry, physics, and engineering to biology and medicine. The book contains timely reviews and research covering fundamental and applied research aspects in all disciplines of natural sciences, including their historical representations and philosophical perspectives.

The book discusses the fact that the largest and smallest values of the fukui function and local softness do not necessarily correspond to the softness and hardness regions of the molecules such as porphyrins. The authors have adopted two popular calculation procedures for this venture. One is the very old Huckel molecular orbital calculation, and the other is one of best semi-empirical AM-1 procedures for such systems. Our finding is that neither the fukui functions nor the local softnesses can predict the preferred donor sites of porphyrins toward metal ions. "

In international politics, states often strive to maintain their position through either cooperation or force. Soft power theory has emerged as a non-violent approach for states to achieve national interest by utilizing intangible resources. China and India have both successfully employed soft power strategies to expand their influence, , and Pakistan is a relevant case study for examining the soft power of China and India, as it neighbors of both countries. The withdrawal of the United States from Afghanistan has raised questions about how India and China will engage and cooperate in dealing with Pakistan, as well as how they will fill the regional gap left by the US. Nazmul Islam considers Joseph S. Nye's Soft Power theory and develops a new idea of “Power of Bonding� based on non-Western perspectives to examine India and China's soft power strategy on Pakistan.. Additionally, it evaluates their areas of influence and soft power strategy in three thematic areas: political and diplomatic engagement, cultural attributions and attraction for power bonding, and economic partnerships. To accomplish these objectives, the study relies on various research methods, including content analysis of articles published in Pakistan's Dawn newspaper, and one-on-one interviews with participants from Pakistan, India, and China.