In this ethnopharmacological study, the ethanolic extract of the whole plant parts (root, stem and leaves) of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin. (Family Vitaceae) was investigated for bioactivities; namely analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antihelmintic and hypoglycemic activity. In light of the available literature, this study represents the first experimental investigation of biological activities of Cayratia trifolia in the perspective of their traditional use.

The plant Setaria italica (Family: Poaceae) has been studied for the evaluation of pharmacological activities of the extractives The crude ethanolic extract and its different fractions were screened for various pharmacological properties. In acetic acid induced writhing method, ethanolic crude extract and carbon tetrachloride fraction showed promising analgesic activity. In radiant heat tail-flicking test, anti-nociceptive effect of crude ethanolic extract was found to be moderately significant (with 52-55% elongation of tail flicking time, p>0.01). Ethanolic crude extract (10.33 g/ml), chloroform (11.12 g/ml), carbon tetrachloride (15.25 g/ml) and pet ether (12.49 g/ml) fractions have shown potent free radical scavenging activity. The crude extract also gave significant cytotoxic, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity."