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Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of
organisms. Due to their immense range of habitats, and the
consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,
bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival
mechanisms. However, besides their major basic positive role in the
cycling of minerals, organic matter and mobilizing insoluble
nutrients, fungi have other beneficial impacts: they are considered
good sources of food and active agents for a number of industrial
processes involving fermentation mechanisms as in the bread, wine
and beer industry. A number of fungi also produce biologically
important metabolites such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics and
several products of important pharmaceutical use; still others are
involved in the production of single cell proteins. The economic
value of these marked positive activities has been estimated as
approximating to trillions of US dollars. The unique attributes of
fungi thus herald great promise for their application in
biotechnology and industry. Since ancient Egyptians mentioned in
their medical prescriptions how they can use green molds in curing
wounds as the obvious historical uses of penicillin, fungi can be
grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The
search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living
fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in
locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to
novel products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,
lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they
remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.
Volume 1 of Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable
Development provides an overview to understanding fungal diversity
from diverse habitats and their industrial application for future
sustainability. It encompasses current advanced knowledge of fungal
communities and their potential biotechnological applications in
industry and allied sectors. The book will be useful to scientists,
researchers, and students of microbiology, biotechnology,
agriculture, molecular biology, and environmental biology.
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature. Among microbes, fungal
communities play an important role in agriculture, the environment,
and medicine. Vast fungal diversity has been found in plant
systems. The fungi associated with any plant system are in the form
of epiphytic, endophytic, and rhizospheric fungi. These associated
fungi play important roles in plant growth, crop yield, and soil
health. The rhizospheric fungi present in rhizospheric zones have a
sufficient amount of nutrients released by plant root systems in
the form of root exudates for growth, development, and activities
of microbes. Endophytic fungi enter in host plants mainly through
wounds that naturally occur as a result of plant growth, or develop
through root hairs and at epidermal conjunctions. The phyllospheric
fungi may survive or proliferate on leaves, depending on the extent
of influences of material in leaf diffuseness or exudates. The
diverse group of fungal communities is a key component of
soil-plant systems, where they are engaged in an intense network of
interactions in the rhizospheric, endophytic, and phyllospheric
areas, and they have emerged as an important and promising tool for
sustainable agriculture. These fungal communities help to promote
plant growth directly or indirectly by mechanisms for plant
growth-promoting (PGP) attributes. These PGP fungi can be used as
biofertilizers, bioinoculants, and biocontrol agents in place of
chemical fertilizers and pesticides in an environmentally and
eco-friendly manner. This book covers the current knowledge of
plant-associated fungi and their potential biotechnological
applications in agriculture and allied sectors. This book should be
useful to scientists, researchers, and students of microbiology,
biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental
biology, and related subjects.
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature. Among microbes, fungal
communities play an important role in agriculture, the environment,
and medicine. Vast fungal diversity has been associated with plant
systems, namely epiphytic fungi, endophytic fungi, and rhizospheric
fungi. These fungi associated with plant systems play an important
role in plant growth, crop yield, and soil health. Rhizospheric
fungi, present in rhizospheric zones, get their nutrients from root
exudates released by plant root systems, which help with their
growth, development, and microbe activity. Endophytic fungi
typically enter plant hosts through naturally occurring wounds that
are the result of plant growth, through root hairs, or at epidermal
conjunctions. Phyllospheric fungi may survive or proliferate on
leaves depending on material influences in leaf diffuseness or
exudates. The diverse nature of these fungal communities is a key
component of soil-plant systems, where they are engaged in a
network of interactions endophytically, phyllospherically, as well
as in the rhizosphere, and thus have emerged as a promising tool
for sustainable agriculture. These fungal communities promote plant
growth directly and indirectly by using plant growth promoting
(PGP) attributes. These PGP fungi can be used as biofertilizers and
biocontrol agents in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
for a more eco-friendly method of promoting sustainable agriculture
and environments. This first volume of a two-volume set covers the
biodiversity of plant-associated fungal communities and their role
in plant growth promotion, the mitigation of abiotic stress, and
soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. This book should be
useful to those working in the biological sciences, especially for
microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists, and
researchers and scientists of fungal biotechnology.
This book focuses on the different kinds of biofuels and biofuel
resources. Biofuels represent a major type of renewable energy. As
part of a larger bio-economy, they are closely linked to
agriculture, forestry and manufacturing. Biofuels have the
potential to improve regional energy access, reduce dependence on
fossil fuels and contribute to climate protection. Further, this
alternative form of energy could revitalize the forestry and
agricultural sector and promote the increased use of renewable
resources as raw materials in a range of industrial processes.
Efforts are continuously being made to develop economically
competitive biofuels, and microbes play important roles in the
production of biofuels from various bioresources. This book
elaborates on recent advances in existing microbial technologies
and on sustainable approaches to improving biofuel production
processes. Additionally, it examines trends in, and the limitations
of, existing processes and technologies. The book offers a
comprehensive overview of microbial bioresources, microbial
technologies, advances in bioconversion and biorefineries, as well
as microbial and metabolic engineering for efficient biofuel
production. Readers will also learn about the environmental impacts
and the influence of climate change on the sustainability of
biofuel production. This book is intended for researchers and
students whose work involves biorefinery technologies,
microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental biology and
related fields.
Fungi are an essential, fascinating and biotechnologically useful
group of organisms with an incredible biotechnological potential
for industrial exploitation. Knowledge of the world's fungal
diversity and its use is still incomplete and fragmented. There are
many opportunities to accelerate the process of filling knowledge
gaps in these areas. The worldwide interest of the current era is
to increase the tendency to use natural substances instead of
synthetic ones. The increasing urge in society for natural
ingredients has compelled biotechnologists to explore novel
bioresources which can be exploited in industrial sector. Fungi,
due to their unique attributes and broad range of their biological
activities hold great promises for their application in
biotechnology and industry. Fungi are an efficient source of
antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, and many other secondary
metabolites. The large scale production of fungal pigments and
their utility provides natural coloration without creating harmful
effects on entering the environment, a safer alternative use to
synthetic colorants. The fungal enzymes can be exploited in wide
range of industries such as food, detergent, paper, and also for
removal toxic waste. This book will serve as valuable source of
information as well as will provide new directions to researchers
to conduct novel research in field of mycology. Volume 2 of
"Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development" provides
an overview to understanding bioprospecting of fungal biomolecules
and their industrial application for future sustainability. It
encompasses current advanced knowledge of fungal communities and
their potential biotechnological applications in industry and
allied sectors. The book will be useful to scientists, researchers,
and students of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular
biology, and environmental biology.
The extreme microbiomes are those microorganisms thriving under
extreme conditions where no other living being will have any chance
to survive. The extreme habitats are those presenting high
temperatures (thermophiles), low temperature (psychrophiles),
hypersaline environments (halophiles), low and high pH
(Acidophiles/alkaliphiles), high pressure (Piezophiles) are
distributed worldwide. The extreme habitats have proved to offer a
unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of
extremophiles. The extremophilic microbial diversity and their
biotechnological potential use in agricultural and industrial
applications will be a milestone for future needs. Extremophiles
and their cell components, therefore, are expected to play an
important role in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, paper and
textile industries as well as environmental biotechnology.
Our country's cultural legacy is one of the world's most diverse,
drawing millions of visitors every year to our convents and
monuments, and to our museums, libraries, concert halls and
festivals. In addition, it is a dynamic trigger of economic
activity and jobs. Among the various scientific branches, microbial
biotechnology offers an innovative and precise approach to the
complexity of problems that restorers face in their daily work.
This book discusses a range of topics, including the biodiversity
of microbial communities from various cultural heritage monuments,
microbial biotechnological cleaning techniques, the role of
bacterial fungal communities for the conservation of cultural
heritage, and microbial enzymes and their potential applications as
biorestoration agents. Written by internationally recognized
experts, and providing up-to-date and detailed insights into
microbial biotechnology approaches to cultural heritage monuments,
the book is a valuable resource for biological scientists,
especially microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists
and microbial biotechnologists.
The extreme microbiomes are those microorganisms thriving under
extreme conditions where no other living being will have any chance
to survive. The extreme habitats are those presenting high
temperatures (thermophiles), low temperature (psychrophiles),
hypersaline environments (halophiles), low and high pH
(Acidophiles/alkaliphiles), high pressure (Piezophiles) are
distributed worldwide. The extreme habitats have proved to offer a
unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of
extremophiles. The extremophilic microbial diversity and their
biotechnological potential use in agricultural and industrial
applications will be a milestone for future needs. Extremophiles
and their cell components, therefore, are expected to play an
important role in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, paper and
textile industries as well as environmental biotechnology.
Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of
organisms. Due to their immense range of habitats, and the
consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,
bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival
mechanisms. However, besides their major basic positive role in the
cycling of minerals, organic matter and mobilizing insoluble
nutrients, fungi have other beneficial impacts: they are considered
good sources of food and active agents for a number of industrial
processes involving fermentation mechanisms as in the bread, wine
and beer industry. A number of fungi also produce biologically
important metabolites such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics and
several products of important pharmaceutical use; still others are
involved in the production of single cell proteins. The economic
value of these marked positive activities has been estimated as
approximating to trillions of US dollars. The unique attributes of
fungi thus herald great promise for their application in
biotechnology and industry. Since ancient Egyptians mentioned in
their medical prescriptions how they can use green molds in curing
wounds as the obvious historical uses of penicillin, fungi can be
grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The
search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living
fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in
locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to
novel products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,
lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they
remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.
Volume 1 of Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable
Development provides an overview to understanding fungal diversity
from diverse habitats and their industrial application for future
sustainability. It encompasses current advanced knowledge of fungal
communities and their potential biotechnological applications in
industry and allied sectors. The book will be useful to scientists,
researchers, and students of microbiology, biotechnology,
agriculture, molecular biology, and environmental biology.
This book focuses on the different kinds of biofuels and biofuel
resources. Biofuels represent a major type of renewable energy. As
part of a larger bio-economy, they are closely linked to
agriculture, forestry and manufacturing. Biofuels have the
potential to improve regional energy access, reduce dependence on
fossil fuels and contribute to climate protection. Further, this
alternative form of energy could revitalize the forestry and
agricultural sector and promote the increased use of renewable
resources as raw materials in a range of industrial processes.
Efforts are continuously being made to develop economically
competitive biofuels, and microbes play important roles in the
production of biofuels from various bioresources. This book
elaborates on recent advances in existing microbial technologies
and on sustainable approaches to improving biofuel production
processes. Additionally, it examines trends in, and the limitations
of, existing processes and technologies. The book offers a
comprehensive overview of microbial bioresources, microbial
technologies, advances in bioconversion and biorefineries, as well
as microbial and metabolic engineering for efficient biofuel
production. Readers will also learn about the environmental impacts
and the influence of climate change on the sustainability of
biofuel production. This book is intended for researchers and
students whose work involves biorefinery technologies,
microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental biology and
related fields.
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature. Among microbes, fungal
communities play an important role in agriculture, the environment,
and medicine. Vast fungal diversity has been found in plant
systems. The fungi associated with any plant system are in the form
of epiphytic, endophytic, and rhizospheric fungi. These associated
fungi play important roles in plant growth, crop yield, and soil
health. The rhizospheric fungi present in rhizospheric zones have a
sufficient amount of nutrients released by plant root systems in
the form of root exudates for growth, development, and activities
of microbes. Endophytic fungi enter in host plants mainly through
wounds that naturally occur as a result of plant growth, or develop
through root hairs and at epidermal conjunctions. The phyllospheric
fungi may survive or proliferate on leaves, depending on the extent
of influences of material in leaf diffuseness or exudates. The
diverse group of fungal communities is a key component of
soil-plant systems, where they are engaged in an intense network of
interactions in the rhizospheric, endophytic, and phyllospheric
areas, and they have emerged as an important and promising tool for
sustainable agriculture. These fungal communities help to promote
plant growth directly or indirectly by mechanisms for plant
growth-promoting (PGP) attributes. These PGP fungi can be used as
biofertilizers, bioinoculants, and biocontrol agents in place of
chemical fertilizers and pesticides in an environmentally and
eco-friendly manner. This book covers the current knowledge of
plant-associated fungi and their potential biotechnological
applications in agriculture and allied sectors. This book should be
useful to scientists, researchers, and students of microbiology,
biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental
biology, and related subjects.
Our country's cultural legacy is one of the world's most diverse,
drawing millions of visitors every year to our convents and
monuments, and to our museums, libraries, concert halls and
festivals. In addition, it is a dynamic trigger of economic
activity and jobs. Among the various scientific branches, microbial
biotechnology offers an innovative and precise approach to the
complexity of problems that restorers face in their daily work.
This book discusses a range of topics, including the biodiversity
of microbial communities from various cultural heritage monuments,
microbial biotechnological cleaning techniques, the role of
bacterial fungal communities for the conservation of cultural
heritage, and microbial enzymes and their potential applications as
biorestoration agents. Written by internationally recognized
experts, and providing up-to-date and detailed insights into
microbial biotechnology approaches to cultural heritage monuments,
the book is a valuable resource for biological scientists,
especially microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists
and microbial biotechnologists.
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature. Among microbes, fungal
communities play an important role in agriculture, the environment,
and medicine. Vast fungal diversity has been associated with plant
systems, namely epiphytic fungi, endophytic fungi, and rhizospheric
fungi. These fungi associated with plant systems play an important
role in plant growth, crop yield, and soil health. Rhizospheric
fungi, present in rhizospheric zones, get their nutrients from root
exudates released by plant root systems, which help with their
growth, development, and microbe activity. Endophytic fungi
typically enter plant hosts through naturally occurring wounds that
are the result of plant growth, through root hairs, or at epidermal
conjunctions. Phyllospheric fungi may survive or proliferate on
leaves depending on material influences in leaf diffuseness or
exudates. The diverse nature of these fungal communities is a key
component of soil-plant systems, where they are engaged in a
network of interactions endophytically, phyllospherically, as well
as in the rhizosphere, and thus have emerged as a promising tool
for sustainable agriculture. These fungal communities promote plant
growth directly and indirectly by using plant growth promoting
(PGP) attributes. These PGP fungi can be used as biofertilizers and
biocontrol agents in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
for a more eco-friendly method of promoting sustainable agriculture
and environments. This first volume of a two-volume set covers the
biodiversity of plant-associated fungal communities and their role
in plant growth promotion, the mitigation of abiotic stress, and
soil fertility for sustainable agriculture. This book should be
useful to those working in the biological sciences, especially for
microbiologists, microbial biotechnologists, biochemists, and
researchers and scientists of fungal biotechnology.
Fungi are an essential, fascinating and biotechnologically useful
group of organisms with an incredible biotechnological potential
for industrial exploitation. Knowledge of the world's fungal
diversity and its use is still incomplete and fragmented. There are
many opportunities to accelerate the process of filling knowledge
gaps in these areas. The worldwide interest of the current era is
to increase the tendency to use natural substances instead of
synthetic ones. The increasing urge in society for natural
ingredients has compelled biotechnologists to explore novel
bioresources which can be exploited in industrial sector. Fungi,
due to their unique attributes and broad range of their biological
activities hold great promises for their application in
biotechnology and industry. Fungi are an efficient source of
antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, and many other secondary
metabolites. The large scale production of fungal pigments and
their utility provides natural coloration without creating harmful
effects on entering the environment, a safer alternative use to
synthetic colorants. The fungal enzymes can be exploited in wide
range of industries such as food, detergent, paper, and also for
removal toxic waste. This book will serve as valuable source of
information as well as will provide new directions to researchers
to conduct novel research in field of mycology. Volume 2 of
"Industrially Important Fungi for Sustainable Development" provides
an overview to understanding bioprospecting of fungal biomolecules
and their industrial application for future sustainability. It
encompasses current advanced knowledge of fungal communities and
their potential biotechnological applications in industry and
allied sectors. The book will be useful to scientists, researchers,
and students of microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular
biology, and environmental biology.
New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and
Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable
Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Perspectives for Human Health
discusses how microbial biotechnology helps us understand new
strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance through
microbial biotechnology. The most commonly used probiotic bacteria
are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, the probiotic
strains exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and other
important properties. This new book provides an indispensable
reference source for engineers/bioengineers, biochemists,
biotechnologists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and researchers
who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and
explore its sustainable biomedicine future applications.
Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and plant-microbe interactions
are a key strategy for colonizing diverse habitats. The plant
microbiome (epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric) plays an
important role in plant growth and development and soil health.
Further, rhizospheric soil is a valuable natural resource, hosting
hotspots of microbes, and is vital in the maintenance of global
nutrient balance and ecosystem function. The term endophytic
microbes refers to those microorganisms that colonize the interior
the plants. The phyllosphere is a common niche for synergism
between microbes and plants and includes the leaf surface. The
diverse group of microbes are key components of soil-plant systems,
and where they are engaged in an extensive network of interactions
in the rhizosphere/endophytic/phyllospheric they have emerged as an
important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. Plant
microbiomes help to directly or indirectly promote plant growth
using plant growth promoting attributes, and could potentially be
used as biofertilizers/bioinoculants in place of chemical
fertilizers. This book allows readers to gain an understanding of
microbial diversity associated with plant systems and their role in
plant growth, and soil health. Offering an overview of the state of
the art in plant microbiomes and their potential biotechnological
applications in agriculture and allied sectors, it is a valuable
resource for scientists, researchers and students in the field of
microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology,
environmental biology and related subjects.
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