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The exploitation of archaeological sites for commercial gain is a
serious problem worldwide. In peace and during wartime
archaeological sites and cultural institutions, both on land and
underwater, are attacked and their contents robbed for sale on an
international 'antiquities' market. Objects are excavated without
record, smuggled across borders and sold for exorbitant prices in
the salesrooms of Europe and North America. In some countries this
looting has now reached such a scale as to threaten the very
survival of their archaeological and cultural heritage. This volume
highlights the deleterious effects of the trade on cultural
heritage, but in particular it focuses upon questions of legal and
local responses: How can people become involved in the preservation
of their past and what, in economic terms, are the costs and
benefits? Are international conventions or export restrictions
effective in diminishing the volume of the trade and the scale of
its associated destruction?
As Saddam Hussein's government fell in April 2003, news accounts
detailed the pillage of Iraq's National Museum. The museum's
looting grabbed headlines worldwide and public attention briefly
focused on Iraq's threatened cultural heritage. Less dramatic,
though far more devastating, was the subsequent epidemic of looting
at thousands of archaeological sites around the country. Illegal
digging on a massive scale continues to this day, virtually
unchecked, with Iraq's ten thousand officially recognized sites
being destroyed at a rate of roughly 10 percent per year. This book
contains the first full published account of the disasters that
have befallen Iraq's cultural heritage, and it analyzes why the
array of laws and international conventions; the advocacy efforts
of cultural heritage organizations; and the military planning and
implementation of cultural protection operations all failed, and
continue to fail, to prevent massive and irreversible loss. Looking
forward, the book identifies new planning procedures, policy
mechanisms, and implementation strategies capable of succeeding, so
the mistakes of Iraq will not be replicated in other regions in
crisis whose cultural heritage are at risk. Both archaeologists and
policy-makers will benefit from this detailed study.
As Saddam Hussein's government fell in April 2003, news accounts
detailed the pillage of Iraq's National Museum. The museum's
looting grabbed headlines worldwide and public attention briefly
focused on Iraq's threatened cultural heritage. Less dramatic,
though far more devastating, was the subsequent epidemic of looting
at thousands of archaeological sites around the country. Illegal
digging on a massive scale continues to this day, virtually
unchecked, with Iraq's ten thousand officially recognized sites
being destroyed at a rate of roughly 10 percent per year. This book
contains the first full published account of the disasters that
have befallen Iraq's cultural heritage, and it analyzes why the
array of laws and international conventions; the advocacy efforts
of cultural heritage organizations; and the military planning and
implementation of cultural protection operations all failed, and
continue to fail, to prevent massive and irreversible loss. Looking
forward, the book identifies new planning procedures, policy
mechanisms, and implementation strategies capable of succeeding, so
the mistakes of Iraq will not be replicated in other regions in
crisis whose cultural heritage are at risk. Both archaeologists and
policy-makers will benefit from this detailed study.
The exploitation of archaeological sites for commercial gain is a serious problem worldwide. In peace and during wartime archaeological sites and cultural institutions, both on land and underwater, are attacked and their contents robbed for sale on an international 'antiquities' market. Objects are excavated without record, smuggled across borders and sold for exorbitant prices in the salesrooms of Europe and North America. In some countries this looting has now reached such a scale as to threaten the very survival of their archaeological and cultural heritage. This volume highlights the deleterious effects of the trade on cultural heritage, but in particular it focuses upon questions of legal and local responses: How can people become involved in the preservation of their past and what, in economic terms, are the costs and benefits? Are international conventions or export restrictions effective in diminishing the volume of the trade and the scale of its associated destruction? eBook available with sample pages: 0203165462
Trafficking Culture outlines current research and thinking on the
illicit market in antiquities. It moves along the global
trafficking chain from 'source' to 'market', identifying the main
roles and routines involved. Using original research, the authors
explore the dynamics of this 'grey' market, where legal and illegal
goods are mixed and conflated. It compares and contrasts this
illicit trade with other 'transnational criminal markets', such as
the illegal trades in wildlife and diamonds. The analytical frames
of organized crime and white-collar crime, drawn from criminology,
provide a fresh perspective on a problem that has tended to be seen
as archaeological, rather than criminological. Bringing insights
from both disciplines together, this book represents a productive
discourse between experts in these two fields, working together for
several years to produce the evidence base that is reported here.
Innovative forms of regulation are the most productive way to
explore crime control in this field, and this book provides a
series of propositions about practical crime reduction measures for
the future. It will be invaluable to academics working in the
fields of archaeology, criminology, art history, museum studies,
and heritage. The book will also be a vital resource for
professionals in the field of cultural property protection and
preservation.
Trafficking Culture outlines current research and thinking on the
illicit market in antiquities. It moves along the global
trafficking chain from 'source' to 'market', identifying the main
roles and routines involved. Using original research, the authors
explore the dynamics of this 'grey' market, where legal and illegal
goods are mixed and conflated. It compares and contrasts this
illicit trade with other 'transnational criminal markets', such as
the illegal trades in wildlife and diamonds. The analytical frames
of organized crime and white-collar crime, drawn from criminology,
provide a fresh perspective on a problem that has tended to be seen
as archaeological, rather than criminological. Bringing insights
from both disciplines together, this book represents a productive
discourse between experts in these two fields, working together for
several years to produce the evidence base that is reported here.
Innovative forms of regulation are the most productive way to
explore crime control in this field, and this book provides a
series of propositions about practical crime reduction measures for
the future. It will be invaluable to academics working in the
fields of archaeology, criminology, art history, museum studies,
and heritage. The book will also be a vital resource for
professionals in the field of cultural property protection and
preservation.
Subtitled a critical review of some archaeological and
craniological concepts', this is an innovative and controversial
study of the Beaker Culture problem; diffusion or migration into
Britain. The first part of the book critically reviews previous
work on the problem and suggests that the processualist revolt
against migrational explanations might have been an error in this
case. The second part presents an original study of English
Neolithic and Bronze Age crania which, although inconclusive, moves
a step nearer to a migrationist explanatory framework.
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