One sniper. Six targets. Six hours. Or London burns. ""I want you to kill for me. Six people; on the hour, every hour. Miss a deadline, people will die. Call the police, people will die. Any deviation or delay, people will die."" Disgraced MI6 sniper Sam Blake initially dismisses the call as a hoax until the first shot in a random killing spree is fired. Sam is plunged into a desperate cat and mouse chase across London. With the clock ticking and the odds stacked against him he becomes an unwilling assassin, forced to kill in order to protect not just hundreds of innocent civilians, but his own daughter, who has been kidnapped by the psychotic terrorist who calls himself Jericho. As the police and security services close in, Sam must unravel the conspiracy, unmask his nemesis, and save the one person in the world he truly loves."

This volume contains 15 papers from research areas where Japanese theoretical computer science is particularly strong. Many are about logic, and its realization and applications to computer science; others concern synthesis, transformation and implementation of programming languages, and complexity and coding theory. Not coincidentally, all the authors are either former students or close colleagues of Satoru Takasu, professor and director at the Research Institute of Mathematical Sciences at the University of Kyoto. The purpose of this volume is to celebrate Professor Takasu's influence on theoretical computer science in Japan and worldwide by his research, his philosophy, and his advising of students. The breadth, depth and quality of the papers are characteristic of his interests and activities.

This volume presents the proceedings of a conference on programming and programming languages. It contains original research contributions addressing fundamental issues and important developments in the design, specification and implementation of programming languages and systems. Topics include: - Program development: specification, methodology, tools, environments; - Programming language concepts: types, data abstraction, parallelism, real-time; - Language implementation techniques: compilers, interpreters, abstract machine design, optimization; - Programs as data objects: abstract interpretation, program transformation, partial evaluation; - Programming styles: imperative, functional, predicative, object-oriented.

This volume honours the work and writings of Professor Sir John Baker over the past fifty years, presenting a collection of essays by leading scholars on topics relating to the sources of English legal history, the study of which Sir John has so much advanced. The essays range from the twelfth century to the nineteenth, considering courts (central and local), the professions (both common law and civilian), legal doctrine, learning, practice, and language, and the cataloguing of legal manuscripts. The sources addressed include court records, reports of litigation (in print and in manuscript), abridgements, fee books and accounts, conveyances and legal images. The volume advances understanding of the history of the common law and its sources, and by bringing together essays on a range of topics, approaches and periods, underlines the richness of material available for the study of the history of English law and indicates avenues for future research.

This volume honours the work and writings of Professor Sir John Baker over the past fifty years, presenting a collection of essays by leading scholars on topics relating to the sources of English legal history, the study of which Sir John has so much advanced. The essays range from the twelfth century to the nineteenth, considering courts (central and local), the professions (both common law and civilian), legal doctrine, learning, practice, and language, and the cataloguing of legal manuscripts. The sources addressed include court records, reports of litigation (in print and in manuscript), abridgements, fee books and accounts, conveyances and legal images. The volume advances understanding of the history of the common law and its sources, and by bringing together essays on a range of topics, approaches and periods, underlines the richness of material available for the study of the history of English law and indicates avenues for future research.

This volume outlines the general principles of Learning Oriented Assessment (LOA), placing it in the context of European language learning policy. The authors pose three key questions central to LOA: 'What is learning?' , 'What is to be learned?' and 'What is to be assessed?'. It focuses on the use of evidence, and how it can be collected and used to feed back into learning, overviews large-scale assessment as practised by Cambridge English and learning-oriented classroom assessment practices, and concludes with a look at implementing LOA in practice. With fresh insights into the role of assessment in supporting learning, this volume will be of considerable interest to assessment practitioners, teachers and academics, educational policy-makers and examination board personnel.

Describes 20 years of work at Cambridge English to develop multilingual assessment frameworks. Multilingual Frameworks covers the development of the ALTE Framework and 'Can Do' project; work on the Common European Framework of Reference and the linking of the Cambridge English exam levels to it; Asset Languages - a major educational initiative for UK schools; and the European Survey on Language Competences. It proposes a model for the validity of assessment within a multilingual framework, and while illustrating the constraints which determined the approach taken to each project, makes clear recommendations on methodological good practice. It looks forward to the further extension of assessment frameworks to encompass a model for multilingual education.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Veri?cation, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI 2009), held in Savannah, Georgia, USA, January 18-20, 2009. VMCAI 2009 was the 10th in a series of meetings. Previous meetings were heldinPortJe?erson1997, Pisa1998, Venice2002, NewYork2003, Venice2004, Paris 2005, Charleston 2006, Nice 2007, and San Francisco 2008. VMCAI centers on state-of-the-art research relevant to analysis of programs and systems and drawn from three research communities: veri?cation, model checking, and abstract interpretation. A goal is to facilitate interaction, cro- fertilization, and the advance of hybrid methods that combine two or all three areas. Topics covered by VMCAI include program veri?cation, program cert- cation, model checking, debugging techniques, abstract interpretation, abstract domains, static analysis, type systems, deductive methods, and optimization. The Program Committee selected 24 papers out of 72 submissions based on anonymous reviews and discussions in an electronic Program Committee me- ing. The principal selection criteria were relevance and quality. VMCAI has a tradition of inviting distinguished speakers to give talks and tutorials. This time the program included three invited talks by: - E. Allen Emerson (University of Texas at Austin) on "Model Checking: Progress and Problems" - Aarti Gupta (NEC Labs, Princeton) on "Model Checking Concurrent Programs" - Mooly Sagiv (Tel-Aviv University) on "Thread Modular Shape Analysis" There were also two invited tutorials by: - Byron Cook (Microsoft Research, Cambridge) on "Proving Program Ter- nation and Liveness" - V eroniqueCortier (LORIA, CNRS, Nancy) on"Veri?cationof Security P- tocols.""