This book provides an historically informed reconstruction of the social practices that have shaped the formation of the modern subject from the early modern period to the present. The formal legal protections accorded to subjects are, and always have been, latent in social practices, norms and language before they are articulated in formal legal orders.  Vesting argues that, in Western societies, legal personhood is closely tied to three ideal types of social personhood – what he calls the gentleman, the manager, and Homo Digitalis. By examining these three ideal types and their emergence in society, we can see that Western formal law does not bring these ideal types into being but, on the contrary, arises from the social and cultural conditions that these ideal types generate and reflect.  Correspondingly, Western legal personhood, or ‘legal subjectivity’, arises from the history and culture of Western nations, not the other way around. Therefore, signature features of Western formal law, particularly its valorization of the rights of persons (whether natural or non-natural), come from particular socio-historical cultural developments that had already generated the strong ideas of social personhood inherent in the ideal types of the gentleman, the manager, and Homo Digitalis. Subjectivity Transformed is a major contribution to legal and social theory and, with its original analysis of the formation of modern subjectivity, it will be of interest to students and scholars throughout the social sciences and humanities.