This monograph offers a self-contained introduction to pseudodifferential operators and wavelets over real and p-adic fields. Aimed at graduate students and researchers interested in harmonic analysis over local fields, the topics covered in this book include pseudodifferential operators of principal type and of variable order, semilinear degenerate pseudodifferential boundary value problems (BVPs), non-classical pseudodifferential BVPs, wavelets and Hardy spaces, wavelet integral operators, and wavelet solutions to Cauchy problems over the real field and the p-adic field.