There is no doubt that we are facing a wireless data explosion. Modern wireless networks need to satisfy increasing demand, but are faced with challenges such as limited spectrum, expensive resources, green communication requirements and security issues. In the age of internet of things (IoT) with massive data transfers and huge numbers of connected devices, including high-demand QoS (4G, 5G networks and beyond), signal processing is producing data sets at the gigabyte and terabyte scales. Modest-sized optimisation problems can be handled by online algorithms with fast speed processing and a huge amount of computer memory. With the rapid increase in powerful computers, more efficient algorithms and advanced parallel computing promise an enormous reduction in calculation time, solving modern optimisation problems on strict deadlines at microsecond or millisecond time scales. Finally, the interplay between machine learning and optimisation is an efficient and practical approach to optimisation in real-time applications. Real-time optimisation is becoming a reality in signal processing and wireless networks. This book considers advanced real-time optimisation methods for 5G and beyond networks. The authors discuss the fundamentals, technologies, practical questions and challenges around real-time optimisation of 5G and beyond communications, providing insights into relevant theories, models and techniques. The book should benefit a wide audience of researchers, practitioners, scientists, professors and advanced students in engineering, computer science, ubiquitous computing, information technology, and networking and communications engineering, as well as professionals in government agencies.

Generating a quality finite element mesh is difficult and often very time-consuming. Mesh-free methods operations can also be complicated and quite costly in terms of computational effort and resources. Developed by the authors and their colleagues, the smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) only requires a triangular/tetrahedral mesh to achieve more accurate results, a generally higher convergence rate in energy without increasing computational cost, and easier auto-meshing of the problem domain. Drawing on the authors extensive research results, Smoothed Finite Element Methods presents the theoretical framework and development of various S-FEM models.

After introducing background material, basic equations, and an abstracted version of the FEM, the book discusses the overall modeling procedure, fundamental theories, error assessment matters, and necessary building blocks to construct useful S-FEM models. It then focuses on several specific S-FEM models, including cell-based (CS-FEM), node-based (NS-FEM), edge-based (ES-FEM), face-based (FS-FEM), and a combination of FEM and NS-FEM (?FEM). These models are then applied to a wide range of physical problems in solid mechanics, fracture mechanics, viscoelastoplasticity, plates, piezoelectric structures, heat transfer, and structural acoustics.

Requiring no previous knowledge of FEM, this book shows how computational methods and numerical techniques like the S-FEM help in the design and analysis of advanced engineering systems in rapid and cost-effective ways since the modeling and simulation can be performed automatically in a virtual environment without physically building the system. Readers can easily apply the methods presented in the text to their own engineering problems for reliable and certified solutions.