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This book is a critical analysis of the concept of marine protected
areas (MPAs) particularly as a tool for marine resource management.
It explains the reasons for the extraordinary rise of MPAs to the
top of the political agenda for marine policy, and evaluates the
scientific credentials for the unprecedented popularity of this
management option. The book reveals the role played by two policy
networks - epistemic community and advocacy coalition - in
promoting the notion of MPA, showing how advocacy for marine
reserves by some scientists based on limited evidence of fisheries
benefits has led to a blurring of the boundary between science and
politics. Second, the study investigates whether the scientific
consensus on MPAs has resulted in a publication bias, whereby
pro-MPA articles are given preferential treatment by peer-reviewed
academic journals, though it found only limited evidence of such a
bias. Third, the project conducts a systematic review of the
literature to determine the ecological effects of MPAs, and reaches
the conclusion that there is little proof of a positive impact on
finfish populations in temperate waters. Fourth, the study uses
discourse analysis to trace the effects of a public campaigning
policy network on marine conservation zones (MCZs) in England,
which demonstrated that there was considerable confusion over the
objectives that MCZs were being designated to achieve. The book's
conclusion is that the MPA issue shows the power of ideas in marine
governance, but offers a caution that scientists who cross the line
between science and politics risk exaggerating the benefits of MPAs
by glossing over uncertainties in the data, which may antagonise
the fishing industry, delay resolution of the MPA issue, and weaken
public faith in marine science if and when the benefits of MCZs are
subsequently seen to be limited.
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