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This is a specialized book for researchers and technicians of
universities and companies who are interested in the fundamentals
of RF power semiconductors, their applications and market
penetration.Looking around, we see that products using vacuum tube
technology are disappearing. For example, branch tube TVs have
changed to liquid crystal TVs, and fluorescent light have turned
into LED. The switch from vacuum tube technology to semiconductor
technology has progressed remarkably. At the same time,
high-precision functionalization, miniaturization and energy saving
have advanced. On the other hand, there is a magnetron which is a
vacuum tube device for generating microwaves. However, even this
vacuum tube technology has come to be replaced by RF power
semiconductor technology. In the last few years the price of
semiconductors has dropped sharply and its application to microwave
heating and energy fields will proceed. In some fields the
transition from magnetron microwave oscillator to semiconductor
microwave oscillator has already begun. From now on this
development will progress remarkably. Although there are several
technical books on electrical systems that explain RF power
semiconductors, there are no books yet based on users' viewpoints
on actual microwave heating and energy fields. In particular, none
have been written about exact usage and practical cases, to answer
questions such as "What are the advantages and disadvantages of RF
power semiconductor oscillator?", "What kind of field can be used?"
and the difficulty of the market and application. Based on these
issues, this book explains the RF power semiconductors from the
user's point of view by covering a very wide range of fields.
This is a specialized book for researchers and technicians of
universities and companies who are interested in the fundamentals
of RF power semiconductors, their applications and market
penetration.Looking around, we see that products using vacuum tube
technology are disappearing. For example, branch tube TVs have
changed to liquid crystal TVs, and fluorescent light have turned
into LED. The switch from vacuum tube technology to semiconductor
technology has progressed remarkably. At the same time,
high-precision functionalization, miniaturization and energy saving
have advanced. On the other hand, there is a magnetron which is a
vacuum tube device for generating microwaves. However, even this
vacuum tube technology has come to be replaced by RF power
semiconductor technology. In the last few years the price of
semiconductors has dropped sharply and its application to microwave
heating and energy fields will proceed. In some fields the
transition from magnetron microwave oscillator to semiconductor
microwave oscillator has already begun. From now on this
development will progress remarkably. Although there are several
technical books on electrical systems that explain RF power
semiconductors, there are no books yet based on users' viewpoints
on actual microwave heating and energy fields. In particular, none
have been written about exact usage and practical cases, to answer
questions such as "What are the advantages and disadvantages of RF
power semiconductor oscillator?", "What kind of field can be used?"
and the difficulty of the market and application. Based on these
issues, this book explains the RF power semiconductors from the
user's point of view by covering a very wide range of fields.
The principal aim of this book is to introduce chemists through a
tutorial approach to the use of microwaves by examining several
experiments of microwave chemistry and materials processing. It
will subsequently enable chemists to fashion their own experiments
in microwave chemistry or materials processing. Microwave heating
has become a popular methodology in introducing thermal energy in
chemical reactions and material processing in laboratory-scale
experiments. Several research cases where microwave heating has
been used in a wide range of fields have been reported, including
organic synthesis, polymers, nanomaterials, biomaterials, and
ceramic sintering, among others. In most cases, microwave equipment
is used as a simple heat source. Therefore the principal benefits
of microwave radiation have seldom been taken advantage of. One
reason is the necessity to understand the nature of
electromagnetism, microwave engineering, and thermodynamics.
However, it is difficult for a chemist to appreciate these in a
short time, so they act as barriers for the chemist who might take
an interest in the use of microwave radiation. This book helps to
overcome these barriers by using figures and diagrams instead of
equations as much as possible.
Ever since the oil crisis of 1973, researchers in various fields of
chemistry have proposed various schemes to conserve energy, as well
to convert the sun's abundant and limitless supply of energy to
produce chemical fuels (e. g. , hydrogen from water, . *. ). The
enthusiasm had no previous parallel in the mid-1970's.
Unfortunately, despite the several good proposals, the results have
proven - in retrospect - somewhat disappointing from an economic
viable point of view. The reasons for the meagre results are
manyfold not the least of which are the experimental difficulties
encountered in storage systems. Moreover, the lack of a concerted,
well orchestrated interdisciplinary approach has been significant.
By contrast, the chemical advances made in the understanding of the
processes involved in such schemes have been phenomenal. A recent
book on this issue ( M. Gratzel, Energy Resources through
Photochemistry and Catalysis, 1983) is witness to the various
efforts and approaches taken by researchers. In the recent years,
many more groups have joined in these efforts, and the number of
papers in the lit~rature is staggering ! One of the motives for
organizing this NATO Advanced Research Workshop stemmed from our
view that it was time to take stock of the accomplishments and
rather than propose new schemes, it was time to consider seriously
avenues that are most promising.
Ever since the oil crisis of 1973, researchers in various fields of
chemistry have proposed various schemes to conserve energy, as well
to convert the sun's abundant and limitless supply of energy to
produce chemical fuels (e. g. , hydrogen from water, . *. ). The
enthusiasm had no previous parallel in the mid-1970's.
Unfortunately, despite the several good proposals, the results have
proven - in retrospect - somewhat disappointing from an economic
viable point of view. The reasons for the meagre results are
manyfold not the least of which are the experimental difficulties
encountered in storage systems. Moreover, the lack of a concerted,
well orchestrated interdisciplinary approach has been significant.
By contrast, the chemical advances made in the understanding of the
processes involved in such schemes have been phenomenal. A recent
book on this issue ( M. Gratzel, Energy Resources through
Photochemistry and Catalysis, 1983) is witness to the various
efforts and approaches taken by researchers. In the recent years,
many more groups have joined in these efforts, and the number of
papers in the lit~rature is staggering ! One of the motives for
organizing this NATO Advanced Research Workshop stemmed from our
view that it was time to take stock of the accomplishments and
rather than propose new schemes, it was time to consider seriously
avenues that are most promising.
The principal aim of this book is to introduce chemists through a
tutorial approach to the use of microwaves by examining several
experiments of microwave chemistry and materials processing. It
will subsequently enable chemists to fashion their own experiments
in microwave chemistry or materials processing. Microwave heating
has become a popular methodology in introducing thermal energy in
chemical reactions and material processing in laboratory-scale
experiments. Several research cases where microwave heating has
been used in a wide range of fields have been reported, including
organic synthesis, polymers, nanomaterials, biomaterials, and
ceramic sintering, among others. In most cases, microwave equipment
is used as a simple heat source. Therefore the principal benefits
of microwave radiation have seldom been taken advantage of. One
reason is the necessity to understand the nature of
electromagnetism, microwave engineering, and thermodynamics.
However, it is difficult for a chemist to appreciate these in a
short time, so they act as barriers for the chemist who might take
an interest in the use of microwave radiation. This book helps to
overcome these barriers by using figures and diagrams instead of
equations as much as possible.
Many people are convinced that, among other courses taught in
schools, chemistry is a difficult and complex subject. This view is
often arrived at without justification. Setting out to introduce
chemistry concepts and demystify chemistry, this book shows how it
is a major part of our everyday lives. It introduces the readers
into the wonderful world of atoms and molecules and chemical
reactions whilst showing that chemistry is centrally important but
also an emerging science and defines what the practising chemist
does. The book also examines curiosity, creativity, fascination,
poetry, beauty, and ethics in science. Originally published in
Italian, 'Chimica - leggere e scrivere il libro della Natura' was
among the finalists of the 2013 Italian Award for popularization of
science. The English translation has been sensitively delivered to
explain concepts in simple language and emphasize the positive role
that chemistry can play to shape our future.
The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the
general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for
example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric
chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging,
photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and
spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry
aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that
have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial
disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and
technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied
literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections
concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic
aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer
photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy
conversion. Volume 37 covers literature published from July 2004 to
June 2007. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and
detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research.
Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject
areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research
chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular
fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a
given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial
basis.
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