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Based on an analysis of remains recovered from middens excavated at
Mesolithic sites in Denmark, Milner's thesis aims to provide a
methodology for identifying the seasonality of the European oyster.
This in turn increases our understanding of the subsistence
patterns of European hunter-gatherers. Much of the study examines
the results of a modern control experiment. Includes an index of
sites.
This volume of papers is dedicated to Peter Woodman in celebration
of his contribution to archaeology, providing a glimpse of the many
ways in which he has touched the lives of so many. The twenty-one
contributions cover many aspects of predominantly Mesolithic
archaeology in Ireland, mainland Britain and North-west Europe,
reflecting the range and breadth of Peters own interests and the
international esteem in which his work is held. His particular
interest in antiquarians and the material they collected began
early in his career and Part 1 presents papers which deal with
artefacts and finds by antiquarians. Part 2 is concerned with
papers on fieldwork projects, both new sites and sites which have
been re-investigated, predominantly focusing on the Mesolithic
period. Part 3 presents papers on the theme of people and animals,
particularly the topic of the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition from
different angles.
The archaeological investigation of shell middens has a long and
rich history. By the mid 1830s, the presence of artefacts found
with large accumulations of shell along the Danish coast had
successfully demonstrated that these sites were the result of human
activity rather than natural processes. At about the same time in
other parts of Europe, shell middens were also being discovered and
written about - a process which continued throughout Europe as time
went on. Until recently, European Atlantic shell middens attracted
only sporadic interest from archaeologists and scientists. However,
there has been a notable resurgence in the excavations of shell
middens over the last few decades which has been accompanied by the
development of a range of new scientific methods applicable to
shells and other midden components. There now exists a sizeable
amount of information on shell middens, their variability and
insights that they have revealed through scientific investigation.
A workshop was organised in September 2005 in the Department of
Archaeology, University of York, which brought together colleagues
working on shell middens along the Atlantic facade of Europe. The
aims were to discuss the current work that was being carried out in
each country, to consider the use of coastal resources through
prehistory and to present new scientific techniques which were
being developed. This volume presents the papers from that
conference, and is organised geographically, starting with
Scandinavia, moving down to Britain, Ireland and France and then to
Iberia. For each of these areas there are some papers which provide
reviews of the overall state of shell midden research of coastal
archaeology. There are also some case studies which provide more
in-depth information on sites which are less well known. In
addition, several of the papers provide information on scientific
techniques which have recently been developed and which are being
applied to shell midden sites along the Atlantic facade. Finally,
there is a discussion chapter, which suggests ways forward for
shell midden research in Atlantic Europe from a Pacific
perspective.
The term 'Mesolithic' was born in the nineteenth century from the
need to label a 'hiatus' period and was not generally accepted as a
useful term by many scholars until around fifty years later. It has
been championed by some, but still concerns others because of the
difficulty of defining what it represents. This volume highlights
the enthusiasm for Mesolithic studies in the 21st century and the
feeling that there is a need to explore the many facets of
Mesolithic lifeways. Approaches are now moving away from the
traditional Mesolithic canon that seems to have been based on a
particular set of biological and/or ecological perspectives and are
now looking for new directions and new theoretical arenas which can
only help stimulate Mesolithic debate. The papers in this volume
take a range of approaches to a period that has largely been devoid
of explicit theoretical discussion. They deconstruct and explore a
broad variety of subjects, including mobility, complexity,
seasonality, death & burial, gender & sexuality, social
relations, music, human agency, ethnoarchaeology and emotion.
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