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For almost nine decades, since their mass-resettlement to the
Levant in the wake of the Genocide and First World War, the
Armenian communities of Lebanon and Syria appear to have
successfully maintained a distinct identity as an ethno-culturally
diverse group, in spite of representing a small non-Arab and
Christian minority within a very different, mostly Arab and Muslim
environment. The author shows that, while in Lebanon the state has
facilitated the development of an extensive and effective system of
Armenian ethno-cultural preservation, in Syria the emergence of
centralizing, authoritarian regimes in the 1950s and 1960s has
severely damaged the autonomy and cultural diversity of the
Armenian community. Since 1970, the coming to power of the Asad
family has contributed to a partial recovery of Armenian
ethno-cultural diversity, as the community seems to have developed
some form of tacit arrangement with the regime. In Lebanon, on the
other hand, the Armenian community suffered the consequences of the
recurrent breakdown of the consociational arrangement that
regulates public life. In both cases the survival of Armenian
cultural distinctiveness seems to be connected, rather
incidentally, with the continuing 'search for legitimacy' of the
state.
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