Biotechnology is the technical application that uses living organisms or biological systems to make products that have a profound impact on agriculture, environment, and human health. In this text book, a color-coded classification is used to present basic chapters on white, red, green and blue biotechnology. Beside traditional biotechnical processes, the book will address principles of modern biotechnology research and applications. Each chapter has a general introduction and concluding paragraph, gives key terms, will address problems, and recommends additional readings. This text book is ideally suited for advanced graduate or master students and will also be a good reference for PhD students, physicians, engineers, attorneys, or non-specialist with an interest into biotechnology.