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"This series [pushes] the boundaries of knowledge and [develops]
new trends in approach and understanding." ENGLISH HISTORICAL
REVIEW The essays in this volume explore relationships in all their
different guises and expressions. Hostility between England and
France cast a long shadow over the fifteenth century and beyond.
While warfare at sea and the composition of the army which invaded
Normandy in 1417 left extensive administrative records, sources of
a different nature highlight the experiences of the French and
Burgundians. The experience of the incursion of Henry VIII's forces
in 1513 found expression in widely-distributed poems; while verses
celebrating the births of heirs to the Hapsburg duke of Burgundy
sought to allay fears over a change of regime by stressing the
benefits of their multinational heritage. Portraits of rulers of
Italian states emphasised the emergence of a shared courtly culture
between England and Italy by commemorating their election as
Knights of the Garter, while the records of Bishop's Lynn testify
to the harmonious integration of immigrants from the Low Countries
and Baltic regions. The Magna Carta of 1215 - intended to place the
relationship between ruler and ruled on a new footing - had a long
after-life, providing a blue-print for practices adopted by the
Appellants of 1388 and being cited at the deposition of Richard II,
only to be eclipsed in the late fifteenth century when depositions
focused instead on challenges to the monarch's title. Poor records
of the meetings of convocations have led to undue emphasis on their
role in granting subsidies, but a register at Canterbury presents a
different picture by revealing business of the southern convocation
of 1462.
A definitive look at the early history of St George's Chapel, one
of the most important medieval buildings in England. Developed and
improved by Edward III, the Chapel became the spiritual home of his
newly-instigated Order of theGarter and, in the process, a new
Camelot for the English monarchy. St George's Chapel, Windsor, is
one of the most famous ecclesiastical foundations in Britain.
Established in 1348, its origins are closely bound up with those of
the Order of the Garter, which was founded by Edward III at the
sametime. The collection of essays in this volume sets Windsor in
its context, at the forefront of the political and cultural
developments of mid-fourteenth-century England. They examine the
early history of the Chapel, its tieswith Edward III's chivalric
ambitions, the community of canons who served it, and its place in
the institutional development of the English Church. Major themes
are the role of the Chapel in the early history of the Order and
itsinfluence on other collegiate foundations of the late middle
ages; and much attention is devoted to the mighty building campaign
at the Castle started by Edward III which made Windsor the grandest
royal residence of its day.
The fourteenth century was, for the English, a century which
witnessed dramatic and not always easily explicable changes of
fortune. In 1300, England's population was around seven million,
and Edward I seemed to be on the verge of turning the British Isles
into an English Empire. By 1400, its population was between three
and four million (due mainly to the Black Death), dreams of a
'British' empire had all but crumbled, and instead England had
become embroiled in a war - the Hundred Years' War - which was not
only ultimately disastrous, but which also established the French
as the 'national enemy' for many centuries to come. In addition,
despite the fact that before 1300 no reigning English monarch had
ever been deposed, by 1400 two had: Edward II in 1327, and Richard
II in 1399. Sandwiched between these two turbulent reigns, however,
came that of Edward III, one of the most successful, both
politically and militarily, in English history. It is against the
background of these remarkable fluctuations that the articles in
this volume, the second in the Fourteenth Century England series,
have been written. The range of subjects which they cover is wide:
from princely education to popular heresy, from national propaganda
to the familial and territorial power politics which occasioned the
downfall of kings. Taken together, they reinforce the view that,
whether viewed as calamitous or heroic, the fourteenth century was
never less than interesting.CHRIS GIVEN-WILSON is Professor of Late
Medieval History, University of St Andrews. Contributors: MARTIN
ALLEN, JOHN ARNOLD, PAULETTE BARTON, TOM BEAUMONT-JAMES, ALASTAIR
DUNN, JEFFREY HAMILTON, JILL C. HAVENS, ANDY KING, CARLA LORD,
SHELAGHMITCHELL, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, ARND REITMEIER, NIGEL SAUL.
Richard II is one of the most enigmatic of English kings.
Shakespeare depicted him as a tragic figure, an irresponsible,
cruel monarch who nevertheless rose in stature as the substance of
power slipped from him. By later writers he has been variously
portrayed as a half-crazed autocrat or a conventional ruler whose
principal errors were the mismanagement of his nobility and
disregard for the political conventions of his age. This book-the
first full-length biography of Richard in more than fifty
years-offers a radical reinterpretation of the king. Nigel Saul
paints a picture of Richard as a highly assertive and determined
ruler, one whose key aim was to exalt and dignify the crown. In
Richard's view, the crown was threatened by the factiousness of the
nobility and the assertiveness of the common people. The king met
these challenges by exacting obedience, encouraging lofty new forms
of address, and constructing an elaborate system of rule by bonds
and oaths. Saul traces the sources of Richard's political ideas and
finds that he was influenced by a deeply felt orthodox piety and by
the ideas of the civil lawyers. He shows that, although Richard's
kingship resembled that of other rulers of the period, unlike
theirs, his reign ended in failure because of tactical errors and
contradictions in his policies. For all that he promoted the image
of a distant, all-powerful monarch, Richard II's rule was in
practice characterized by faction and feud. The king was obsessed
by the search for personal security: in his subjects, however, he
bred only insecurity and fear. A revealing portrait of a complex
and fascinating figure, the book is essential reading for anyone
with an interest in the politics and culture of the English middle
ages.
Biennial volumes of new research on an eventful century coloured by
the Plantagenet dynasty. The fourteenth century is one of the most
turbulent and compelling periods of English history, reflected in
the vitality of the current scholarship devoted to it. This new
series provides a forum for the most recent research intothe
political, social, and ecclesiastical history of the century, and
complements earlier series from Boydell & Brewer, Anglo-Norman
Studies and Thirteenth Century England, which taken together offer
a complete overview of debate on the middle ages. The substantial
and significant studies in this volume have a particular focus on
political history, including examinations of Edward II's charter
witness lists and the consolidation of HenryIV's power in his early
years; other topics include the Black Death and law-making,
castle-building and memorials, war and chivalry in the
Scalacronica, and architecture in the courts of Edward III and
Charles V of France. Contributors: JEFFREY HAMILTON, ANDY KING, ROY
M. HAINES, ANTHONY MUSSON, GLORIA J. BETCHER, CYNTHIA J. NEVILLE,
CHRISTOPHER PHILPOTTS, CHARLES COULSON, MARY WHITELEY, NICHOLAS
ROGERS, LYNDA DENNISON, DOUGLAS BIGGS NIGEL SAUL is Professor of
Medieval History, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College,
University of London.
The three Richards who ruled England in the Middle Ages were among
the most controversial and celebrated of its rulers. Richard I
('Coeur de Lion', 1189-99) was a great crusading hero; Richard II
(1377-99) was an authoritarian aesthete deposed by his cousin,
Henry IV, and murdered; while Richard III (1483-85), as the
murderer of his nephews, The Princes in the Tower, was the most
notorious villain in English history. This highly readable joint
biography shows how much the three kings had in common, apart from
their names. All were younger sons, not expected to come to the
throne; all failed to leave a legitimate heir, causing instability
on their deaths; all were cultured and pious; and all died
violently. All have attracted accusations but also fascination. In
comparing them, Nigel Saul tells three gripping stories and shows
what it took to be a medieval king.
In this compelling book Nigel Saul opens up the world of medieval gentry families, using the magnificent brasses and monuments of the Cobham family as a window on to the social and religious culture of the middle ages.
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