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For many years a neglected figure, Nikolai Bukharin has recently
been the subject of renewed interest in the West. Now regarded as a
leading Marxist theorist, Bukharin's work has wide appeal to those
interested in Soviet history and Marxist economics as well as to
those concerned with theories of development and socialist
economies.
First published in English in 1926, this work by Nikolai Bukharin,
a highly influential Marxist and Soviet Politician who would later
become one of the most famous victims of Stalin's show trials,
expands upon Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism. Offering
a Marxist interpretation of sociology, this reissue is important
not only from a sociological and economic perspective, but is also
extremely valuable as a socio-historical document of contemporary
thought in the Soviet Union in the years following the Bolshevik
revolution.
First published in English in 1926, this work by Nikolai
Bukharin, a highly influential Marxist and Soviet Politician who
would later become one of the most famous victims of Stalin 's show
trials, expands upon Karl Marx 's theory of historical
materialism.
Offering a Marxist interpretation of sociology, this reissue is
important not only from a sociological and economic perspective,
but is also extremely valuable as a socio-historical document of
contemporary thought in the Soviet Union in the years following the
Bolshevik revolution.
For many years a neglected figure, Nikolai Bukharin has recently
been the subject of renewed interest in the West. Now regarded as a
leading Marxist theorist, Bukharin's work has wide appeal to those
interested in Soviet history and Marxist economics as well as to
those concerned with theories of development and socialist
economies.
Nikolai Bukharin (1888-1938), an original Bolshevik leader and a
founder of the Soviet state, spent the last year of his life
imprisoned by Stalin, awaiting a trial and eventual execution.
Remarkably during that time, from March 1937 to March 1938,
Bukharin wrote four book-length manuscripts by hand in his prison
cell. Seventy years later, The Prison Poems is the last of the four
prison manuscripts, which include How It All Began: The Prison
Novel and Socialism and Its Culture, to be published, allowing
readers to grasp Bukharin's vision in its full extent. Bukharin
organized the nearly 180 poems in this volume, written from June to
November 1937, into several series. One dealing with forerunners to
the 1917 Russian Revolution and another focusing on the Russian
Civil War contain commentary not found in the other prison
manuscripts. The same is true of the "Lyrical Intermezzo" poems for
and about Anna Larina, his young wife, from whom he was separated
by his imprisonment. This first English translation of Bukharin's
Prison Poems is a compelling read, evidencing the powerful
intersection of politics and art.
Here at last in English is Nikolai Bukharin's autobiographical
novel and final work. Many dissident texts of the Stalin era were
saved by chance, by bravery, or by cunning; others were
systematically destroyed. Bukharin's work, however, was
simultaneously preserved and suppressed within Stalin's personal
archives.
At once novel, memoir, political apology, and historical
document, "How It All Began," known in Russia as "the prison
novel," adds deeply to our understanding of this vital intellectual
and maligned historical figure. The panoramic story, composed under
the worst of circumstances, traces the transformation of a
sensitive young man into a fiery agitator, and presents a revealing
new perspective on the background and causes of the revolution that
transformed the face of the twentieth century.
Among the millions of victims of the reign of terror in the
Soviet Union of the 1930's, Bukharin stands out as a special case.
Not yet 30 when the Bolsheviks took power, he was one of the
youngest, most popular, and most intellectual members of the
Communist Party. In the 1920's and 30's, he defended Lenin's
liberal New Economic Policy, claiming that Stalin's policies of
forced industrialization constituted a "military-feudal
exploitation" of the masses. He also warned of the approaching tide
of European fascism and its threat to the new Bolshevik revolution.
For his opposition, Bukharin paid with his freedom and his life. He
was arrested and spent a year in prison. In what was one of the
most infamous "show trials" of the time, Bukharin confessed to
being a "counterrevolutionary" while denying any particular crime
and was executed in his prison cell on March 15, 1938.
While in prison, Bukharin wrote four books, of which this
unfinished novel was the last. It traces the development of Nikolai
"Kolya" Petrov (closely modeled on Nikolai "Kolya" Bukharin) from
his early childhood though to age fifteen. In lyrical and poetic
terms it paints a picture of Nikolai's growing political
consciousness and ends with his activism on the eve of the failed
1905 revolution. The novel is presented here along with the only
surviving letter from Bukharin to his wife during his time in
prison, an epistle filled with fear, longing, and hope for his
family and his nation. The introduction by Stephen F. Cohen
articulates Bukharin's significance in Soviet history and reveals
the troubled journey of this novel from Stalin's archives into the
light of day.
Here at last in English is Nikolai Bukharin's autobiographical
novel and final work. Many dissident texts of the Stalin era were
saved by chance, by bravery, or by cunning; others were
systematically destroyed. Bukharin's work, however, was
simultaneously preserved and suppressed within Stalin's personal
archives.
At once novel, memoir, political apology, and historical
document, "How It All Began," known in Russia as "the prison
novel," adds deeply to our understanding of this vital intellectual
and maligned historical figure. The panoramic story, composed under
the worst of circumstances, traces the transformation of a
sensitive young man into a fiery agitator, and presents a revealing
new perspective on the background and causes of the revolution that
transformed the face of the twentieth century.
Among the millions of victims of the reign of terror in the
Soviet Union of the 1930's, Bukharin stands out as a special case.
Not yet 30 when the Bolsheviks took power, he was one of the
youngest, most popular, and most intellectual members of the
Communist Party. In the 1920's and 30's, he defended Lenin's
liberal New Economic Policy, claiming that Stalin's policies of
forced industrialization constituted a "military-feudal
exploitation" of the masses. He also warned of the approaching tide
of European fascism and its threat to the new Bolshevik revolution.
For his opposition, Bukharin paid with his freedom and his life. He
was arrested and spent a year in prison. In what was one of the
most infamous "show trials" of the time, Bukharin confessed to
being a "counterrevolutionary" while denying any particular crime
and was executed in his prison cell on March 15, 1938.
While in prison, Bukharin wrote four books, of which this
unfinished novel was the last. It traces the development of Nikolai
"Kolya" Petrov (closely modeled on Nikolai "Kolya" Bukharin) from
his early childhood though to age fifteen. In lyrical and poetic
terms it paints a picture of Nikolai's growing political
consciousness and ends with his activism on the eve of the failed
1905 revolution. The novel is presented here along with the only
surviving letter from Bukharin to his wife during his time in
prison, an epistle filled with fear, longing, and hope for his
family and his nation. The introduction by Stephen F. Cohen
articulates Bukharin's significance in Soviet history and reveals
the troubled journey of this novel from Stalin's archives into the
light of day.
2013 Reprint of 1925 English Edition from the Authorized
Translation of the Third Russian Edition.. Exact facsimile of the
original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software.
Historical materialism is a methodological approach to the study of
society, economics, and history first articulated by Karl Marx
(1818-1883) as the materialist conception of history. It is a
theory of socioeconomic development according to which changes in
material conditions (technology and productive capacity) are the
primary influence on how society and the economy are organized.
Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and
changes in human society in the means by which humans collectively
produce the necessities of life. Social classes and the
relationship between them, plus the political structures and ways
of thinking in society, are founded on and reflect contemporary
economic activity. First published in English in 1925, this work by
Nikolai Bukharin, a highly influential Marxist and Soviet
Politician who would later become one of the most famous victims of
Stalin's show trials, expands upon Karl Marx's theory of historical
materialism.
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (1888 - 1938) was a Russian Marxist,
Bolshevik revolutionary, and Soviet politician. He was a member of
the Politburo (1924-1929) and Central Committee (1917-1937),
chairman of the Communist International (Comintern, 1926-1929), and
the editor in chief of Pravda (1918-1929), the journal Bolshevik
(1924-1929), Izvestia (1934-1936), and the Great Soviet
Encyclopedia. He authored Imperialism and World Economy (1918), The
ABC of Communism (1919. co-authored with Yevgeni Preobrazhensky),
and Historical Materialism (1921) among others. Initially a
supporter of Joseph Stalin after Vladimir Lenin's death, he came to
oppose a large number of Stalin's policies and was one of Stalin's
most prominent victims during the "Moscow Trials" and purges of the
Old Bolsheviks in the late 1930s.
m n COPYRIGHT 1925, BY INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS CO., ISC. Second
Printing, 1926 Tkird Printing, 1928 IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMXBICA
This book is composed ttd prtoted by Union Labor COJNTEJNTS
INTRODUCTION AOI THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ix
a. The Social Sciences and the Demands of the Struggle of the
Working Class b. The Bourgeoisie and the Social Sci ences c. The
Class Character of the Social Sciences d. Why is Proletarian
Science superior to Bourgeois Science e. The Various Social
Sciences and Sociology f, The Theory of Historical Materialism as a
Marxian Sociology. CHAPTER ONE CAUSE AND PURPOSE IN THE SOCIAL
SCIENCES CAUSATION AND TELEOLOGY 19 a. The Uniformity of Phenomena
in General and of Social Phenomena in Particular b. The Nature of
Causation Formulation of the Question c. Teleology and Objections
to Teleology Immanent Teleology d. Teleology in the Social Sciences
e. Causality and Teleology Scientific Explanations are Causal
Explanations. CHAPTER Two DETERMINISM AND INDETERMINISM NECESSITY
AND FREE WILL 33 a. The Question of Freedom or Lack of Freedom of
the Indi vidual Will b. The Resultant of the Individual WiUs in
Unorganized Society c. The Collectively Organized Will the
Resultant of Individual Wills inOrganizedCommunist Sbciety d.
Accidentalism in General e. Historical Ac cident f Historical
Necessity g Are the Social Sciences Possible Is Prediction Possible
in this Fiddf ti CONTENTS CHAPTER THREE DIALECTIC MATERIALISM 53 a.
Materialism and Idealism in Philosophy the Problem of the Objective
b. The Materialist Attitude in the Social Sci ences c The Dynamic
Point of View and the Relation between Phenomena d. The Historical
Interpretation of the SocialSciences e. The Use of Contradictions
in the Historical Process f . The Theory of Cataclysmic Changes and
the Theory of Revolutionary Transformations in the Social Sciences.
CHAPTER FOUR SOCIETY 84 a. Concept of Aggregates Logical and Real
Aggregates b. Society as a Real Aggregate or a System c. The Char
acter of the Social Relations d. Society and Personality Precedence
of Society over the Individual e. Societies in Process of
Formation. CHAPTER FIVE THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN SOCIETY AND NATURE
104 a. Nature as the Environment of Society b. Relations between
Society and Nature The Process of Production and Re production c.
The Productive Forces The Productive Forces as an Indicator of the
Relations between Society and Nature d. The Equilibrium between
Nature and Society its Disturbances and Readjustments e. The Pro
ductive Forces as the Point of Departure in Sociological Analysis.
CHAPTER Six THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY 130 a.
Connection between the Various Social Phenomena Formu lation of the
Question b Things, Persons, Ideas c. Social Technology and the
Economic Structure of Society d. The Outlines of the Superstructure
e. Social Psychology CONTENTS tfi and Social Ideology f, The
Ideological Processes con sidered as Differentiated Labor g. The
Significance of the Superstructures h. The Formative Principles of
Social Life i. Types of Economic Structure Types of Various
Societies j, The Contradictory Character of Evolution External and
Internal Equilibrium of Society. CHAPTER SEVEN DISTURBANCE AND
READJUSTMENT OF SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM 242 a. The Process of Social
Changes and the Productive Forces, b, The Productive Forces and the
Social-Economic Struc ture c. TheRevolution and its Phases d. Cause
and Effect in the Transition Period Cause and Effect in Periods of
Decline e. The Evolution of the Productive Forces and the
Materialization of Social Phenomena Accumulation of Civilization f.
The Process of Repro duction of Social Life as a Whole. CHAPTER
EIGHT T E CLASSES AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE . ... 276 a. Class, Caste,
Vocation b. Class Interest c. Class Psychol ogy and Class Ideology
d. The Class in itself and the Class for itself e. Forms of a
Relative Solidarity of Interests f. Class Struggle and Class Peace
g...
m n COPYRIGHT 1925, BY INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS CO., ISC. Second
Printing, 1926 Tkird Printing, 1928 IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMXBICA
This book is composed ttd prtoted by Union Labor COJNTEJNTS
INTRODUCTION AOI THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES ix
a. The Social Sciences and the Demands of the Struggle of the
Working Class b. The Bourgeoisie and the Social Sci ences c. The
Class Character of the Social Sciences d. Why is Proletarian
Science superior to Bourgeois Science e. The Various Social
Sciences and Sociology f, The Theory of Historical Materialism as a
Marxian Sociology. CHAPTER ONE CAUSE AND PURPOSE IN THE SOCIAL
SCIENCES CAUSATION AND TELEOLOGY 19 a. The Uniformity of Phenomena
in General and of Social Phenomena in Particular b. The Nature of
Causation Formulation of the Question c. Teleology and Objections
to Teleology Immanent Teleology d. Teleology in the Social Sciences
e. Causality and Teleology Scientific Explanations are Causal
Explanations. CHAPTER Two DETERMINISM AND INDETERMINISM NECESSITY
AND FREE WILL 33 a. The Question of Freedom or Lack of Freedom of
the Indi vidual Will b. The Resultant of the Individual WiUs in
Unorganized Society c. The Collectively Organized Will the
Resultant of Individual Wills inOrganizedCommunist Sbciety d.
Accidentalism in General e. Historical Ac cident f Historical
Necessity g Are the Social Sciences Possible Is Prediction Possible
in this Fiddf ti CONTENTS CHAPTER THREE DIALECTIC MATERIALISM 53 a.
Materialism and Idealism in Philosophy the Problem of the Objective
b. The Materialist Attitude in the Social Sci ences c The Dynamic
Point of View and the Relation between Phenomena d. The Historical
Interpretation of the SocialSciences e. The Use of Contradictions
in the Historical Process f . The Theory of Cataclysmic Changes and
the Theory of Revolutionary Transformations in the Social Sciences.
CHAPTER FOUR SOCIETY 84 a. Concept of Aggregates Logical and Real
Aggregates b. Society as a Real Aggregate or a System c. The Char
acter of the Social Relations d. Society and Personality Precedence
of Society over the Individual e. Societies in Process of
Formation. CHAPTER FIVE THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN SOCIETY AND NATURE
104 a. Nature as the Environment of Society b. Relations between
Society and Nature The Process of Production and Re production c.
The Productive Forces The Productive Forces as an Indicator of the
Relations between Society and Nature d. The Equilibrium between
Nature and Society its Disturbances and Readjustments e. The Pro
ductive Forces as the Point of Departure in Sociological Analysis.
CHAPTER Six THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY 130 a.
Connection between the Various Social Phenomena Formu lation of the
Question b Things, Persons, Ideas c. Social Technology and the
Economic Structure of Society d. The Outlines of the Superstructure
e. Social Psychology CONTENTS tfi and Social Ideology f, The
Ideological Processes con sidered as Differentiated Labor g. The
Significance of the Superstructures h. The Formative Principles of
Social Life i. Types of Economic Structure Types of Various
Societies j, The Contradictory Character of Evolution External and
Internal Equilibrium of Society. CHAPTER SEVEN DISTURBANCE AND
READJUSTMENT OF SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM 242 a. The Process of Social
Changes and the Productive Forces, b, The Productive Forces and the
Social-Economic Struc ture c. TheRevolution and its Phases d. Cause
and Effect in the Transition Period Cause and Effect in Periods of
Decline e. The Evolution of the Productive Forces and the
Materialization of Social Phenomena Accumulation of Civilization f.
The Process of Repro duction of Social Life as a Whole. CHAPTER
EIGHT T E CLASSES AND THE CLASS STRUGGLE . ... 276 a. Class, Caste,
Vocation b. Class Interest c. Class Psychol ogy and Class Ideology
d. The Class in itself and the Class for itself e. Forms of a
Relative Solidarity of Interests f. Class Struggle and Class Peace
g...
Bukharin's "Prison Manuscripts" were written in Moscow's Lubyanka
prison during 1937-1938 while awaiting his inevitable liquidation.
As with Gramsci's "Prison Notebooks", Bukharin's "Manuscripts"
focus on culture, ideology and philosophy in the context of
building an alternative vision of socialism. A socialism to set
against capitalism, fascism and the kind of socialism practised in
the Soviet Union after Lenin's death. The book brings together
Bukharin's key writings on socialism and its culture from the
Manuscripts. Here Bukharin explores the realization of the concept
of total man, the problems of freedom, equality and hierarchy, the
style of socialist culture, the nature of progress, diversities in
capitalism and socialism, the role of the Party, and the
dictatorship of the proletariat in the cultural revolution. Its
publication will be a major event for anyone interested in cultural
and political history, philosophy, and ethics.
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