Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal.
These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamical point of view, for mass and heat transfer processes between gas and liquid phase.
Their wide spreading is due to low capital investments and operating costs. Since 1995 there has not been published a specialised book in this area, and this is a period of quick development of packed columns. Packed Bed Columns reflects the state of this field including the author's experience on creating and investigating of new packings, column internals and industrial columns.
* Considers the theories of mass transfer processes and shows how they help the construction of highly effective packings
* Complete information about the performance characteristics of different modern types of highly effective packings
* Considers the models for calculation and areas of their application

Das Buch richtet sich vor allem an junge Anasthesiologen und Assistenzarzte auf Intensivstationen, die die Technik der transoesophageale Echokardiographie erlernen moechten, aber ebenso an Kardiologen und Internisten, die Patienten kardiologisch betreuen.

The first part of the book covers the basic principles of ultrasound, two-dimensional imaging acquisition, Doppler sampling and quantitative assessment of global and regional cardiac function. The authors describe the clinical relevance as well as the echocardiographic estimation of major determinants of the heart function - preload, afterload, contractility and diastolic function - and principles in Doppler determination of intracardiac pressures. A seperate extended chapter describes the use of echocardiography for detection of myocardial ischaemia. The second part of the book deals with the clinical applications of imaging and Doppler echocardiography in valvular heart diseases, congenital heart disease, diseases of the aorta, endocardium, pericardium, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, cardiac sources of emboli and TEE during catheter interventions.