This Festschrift, dedicated to Frits W. Vaandrager on the occasion of his 60th birthday, contains papers written by many of his closest collaborators. Frits has been a Professor of Informatics for Technical Applications at Radboud University Nijmegen since 1995, where his research focuses on formal methods, concurrency theory, verification, model checking, and automata learning. The volume contains contributions of colleagues, Ph.D. students, and researchers with whom Frits has collaborated and inspired, reflecting a wide spectrum of scientific interests, and demonstrating successful work at the highest levels of both theory and practice.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2020, held in Vienna, Austria, in September 2020. The 16 full papers and 2 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers focus on topics such as foundations and semantics, methods and tools, techniques, algorithms, data structures, and software tools for analyzing timed systems and resolving temporal constraints. Due to the Corona pandemic this conference was held as a virtual event.

Die 48 Beiträge dieses Reinhard Zimmermann zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmeten Bandes beleuchten die Methode der historischen Rechtsvergleichung auf den Gebieten der Rechtsgeschäftslehre, des Schuldrechts, des Sachenrechts, des Familien- und Erbrechts sowie der juristischen Methode selbst. Sie beschreiben Berührungspunkte unterschiedlicher Rechtstraditionen durch wissenschaftliche Diskurse, persönlichen Austausch und praktische Rezeption. Vereint sind sie durch die Überzeugung, dass rechtliche Phänomene sich häufig nur durch eine Verbindung historischer und vergleichender Perspektiven richtig verstehen lassen. Gegenstand des Bandes sind die historischen Wege der europäischen Rechtstraditionen, wobei der Fokus auf den Weggabelungen, Kreuzungen und Verzweigungen liegt, an denen die heutigen europäischen Rechtsordnungen ihre Gestalt gewonnen haben.

This detailed description and comparative analysis of the development of tort law in Europe over the last 150 years is based on national reports that are structured by a basic questionnaire. The national reports are complemented with a comparative analysis of the parallel, though often diverging, developments in the different legal systems. It can clearly be seen that different groups in the legal systems, such as judges and scholars, often had diverging views on tort law that were translated into more specific doctrinal and evaluative statements. Accompanied by a general expansion of liability due to changing perceptions of the risks of accidents, the former Roman law of delict and the medieval law of torts have been transformed into modern rules of extra-contractual liability that are deeply entrenched into the social security and insurance systems.