Early in the archaic period of Greek history, Messenia was annexed and partially settled by its powerful neighbour, Sparta. Achieving independence in the fourth century BC, the inhabitants of Messenia set about trying to forge an identity for themselves separate from their previous identity as Spartan subjects, refunctionalising or simply erasing their Spartan heritage. Professor Luraghi provides a thorough examination of the history of Messenian identity and consequently addresses a range of questions and issues whose interest and importance have only been widely recognised by ancient historians during the last decade. By a detailed scrutiny of the ancient written sources and the archaeological evidence, the book, which was originally published in 2008, reconstructs how the Messenians perceived and constructed their own ethnicity at different points in time, by applying to Messenian ethnicity insights developed by anthropologists and early medieval historians.

Early in the archaic period of Greek history, Messenia was annexed and partially settled by its powerful neighbour, Sparta. Achieving independence in the fourth century BC, the inhabitants of Messenia set about trying to forge an identity for themselves separate from their previous identity as Spartan subjects, refunctionalising or simply erasing their Spartan heritage. Professor Luraghi provides a thorough examination of the history of Messenian identity and consequently addresses a range of questions and issues whose interest and importance have only been widely recognised by ancient historians during the last decade. By a detailed scrutiny of the ancient written sources and the archaeological evidence, the book reconstructs how the Messenians perceived and constructed their own ethnicity at different points in time, by applying to Messenian ethnicity insights developed by anthropologists and early medieval historians.

This volume includes "Iliad" 4.384 "Tude," "Iliad" 15.339 "Mekiste," and Odyssey 19.136 "Odyse" by Jeremy Rau; "Craft Similes and the Construction of Heroes in the "Iliad"" by Naomi Rood; "The Tragic Pattern of the "Iliad"" by Yoav Rinon; "Herodotus and His Descendants: Numbers in Ancient and Modern Narratives of Xerxes' Campaigns" by Catherine Rubincam; "Personal Pronouns as Identity Terms in Ancient Greek: The Surviving Tragedies and Euripides' "Bacchae"" by Chiara Thumiger; "Epicurus' Letter to "Herodotus": Some Textual Notes" by Luis Andres Bredlow Wenda; "Cultural Differences and Cross-Cultural Contact: Greek and Roman Concepts of 'Power'" by Ulrich Gotter; ""Hebescere virtus" (Sallust bc 12.1): Metaphorical Ambiguity" by Christopher Krebs; "Aeneas' Generic Wandering and the Construction of the Latin Literary Past: Ennian Epic vs. Ennian Tragedy in the Language of the "Aeneid"" by Jackie Elliott; "Virgil "Aeneid" 6.445-446: A Critical Note" by Luis Rivero Garcia; "The Poet's Mirror: Horace's "Carmen" 4.10" by Monika Asztalos; "The City and Its Territory in the Province of Achaea and 'Roman Greece'" by Denis Rousset; "Further to Ps.-Quintilian's Longer Declamations" by D. R. Shackleton Bailey; and "Satire, Propaganda, and the Pleasure of Reading: Apuleius' Stories of Curiosity in Context" by Alexander Kirichenko.

The origins and development of Greek historiography cannot be properly understood unless early historical writings are situated in the framework of late archaic and early classical Greek culture and society. Contextualization opens up new perspectives on the subject in The Historian's Craft in the Age of Herodotus. At the same time, such writings offer significant insights into how works of Herodotus reflect the attitude of fifth-century Greeks towards the transmission and manipulation of knowledge about the past. Essays by an international range of experts explore all aspects of the topic and, at the same time, make a thought-provoking contribution to the ongoing debates concerning literacy and oral culture.

The origins and development of Greek historiography cannot be properly understood unless early historical writings are situated in the framework of late archaic and early classical Greek culture and society. By considering the works of Herodotus in this broader context, these new essays by an international team of experts make a thought-provoking contribution to the ongoing debates concerning literacy and oral culture

The crisis of Spartan power in the first half of the fourth century has been connected to Spartan inability to manage the hegemony built on the ruins of the Athenian Empire, or interpreted as a result of the unexpected annihilation of the Spartan army by the Boeotians at Leuktra. The present book offers a new perspective, suggesting that the crisis that finally brought down Sparta was in important ways a result of centrifugal impulses within the Peloponnesian League, accompanied by a general awakening of ethnicity in various areas of the Peloponnese.

A series of regional case studies is combined with thematic contributions focusing on topics such as the relationship of religious cults and ethnicity and of democracy and ethnicity, the use of archaeological evidence for ethnic phenomena, and comparative approaches based on social anthropology.

The name "Helots" evokes one of the most famous peculiarities of ancient Sparta, the system of dependent labor that guaranteed the livelihood of the free citizens. The Helots fulfilled all the functions that slaves carried out elsewhere in the Greek world, allowing their masters the leisure to be full-time warriors. Yet, despite their crucial role, Helots remain essentially invisible in our ancient sources and peripheral and enigmatic in modern scholarship.

This book is devoted to a much-needed reassessment of Helotry and of its place in the history and sociology of unfree labor. The essays deal with the origins and historical development of Helotry, with its sociological, economic, and demographic aspects, with its ideological construction and negotiation.