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Nucleic acid biosensors have been found to have interesting
possibilities for applications in various fields including
environmental and medical screening. The two types of analysis used
for the nucleic acid biosensors are: (a) detection of
genotoxicants/ DNA damage (b) detection of DNA hybridization. For
the detection of genotoxicants, the double stranded calf thymus DNA
has been electrochemically entrapped into conducting polymers like
Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline (PANI) films to detect
chlorpyrifos and malathion. Compared to DNA-PPy, DNA-PANI
electrodes have better detection limit for chlorpyrifos and
malathion (0.5 ppb and 0.01 ppm, respectively) within 30s, and are
stable for about 6 months. The PNA and DNA probes specific to M.
tuberculosis have been immobilized onto the PPy and PANI films
prepared onto ITO glass for detection of complementary target. The
obtained detection limit is about 0.1attomole within 30s and
electrodes could detect the genomic DNA of M. tuberculosis in serum
samples up to 2.5 pg/ l within about 60s at 300 C and can be used
8-9 times.
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