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The main purpose of this book is to bring together much of the
research conducted in recent years in a subject I find both
fascinating and impor tant, namely fairness. Much of the reported
research is still in the form of technical reports, theses and
conference papers, and only a small part has already appeared in
the formal scientific journal literature. Fairness is one of those
concepts that can intuitively be explained very brieft.y, but bear
a lot of consequences, both in theory and the practicality of
programming languages. Scientists have traditionally been attracted
to studying such concepts. However, a rigorous study of the concept
needs a lot of detailed development, evoking much machinery of both
mathemat ics and computer science. I am fully aware of the fact
that this field of research still lacks matu rity, as does the
whole subject of theoretical studies of concurrency and
nondeterminism. One symptom of this lack of maturity is the
proliferation of models used by the research community to discuss
these issues, a variety lacking the invariance property present,
for example, in universal formalisms for sequential computing."
Grammars of natural languages can be expressed as mathematical
objects, similar to computer programs. Such a formal presentation
of grammars facilitates mathematical reasoning with grammars (and
the languages they denote), as well as computational implementation
of grammar processors. This book presents one of the most commonly
used grammatical formalisms, Unification Grammars, which underlies
contemporary linguistic theories such as Lexical-Functional Grammar
(LFG) and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). The book
provides a robust and rigorous exposition of the formalism that is
both mathematically well-founded and linguistically motivated.
While the material is presented formally, and much of the text is
mathematically oriented, a core chapter of the book addresses
linguistic applications and the implementation of several
linguistic insights in unification grammars. Dozens of examples and
numerous exercises (many with solutions) illustrate key points.
Graduate students and researchers in both computer science and
linguistics will find this book a valuable resource.
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