This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference, Spatial Cognition 2020, held in Riga, Latvia, in September 2020. The physical event was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 19 full papers and 6 short papers presented in this book were carefully selected and reviewed from 50 submissions. They focus on the following topics: spatial representation and cognitive maps; navigation and wayfinding; spatial representation in language, logic, and narrative; and spatial abilities and learning.