This book advances our understanding of security and its intricate interactions with geopolitics and the environment in Eurasia. Norman A. Graham and Şuhnaz Yılmaz focus on Eurasia, where the energy-water-food nexus has emerged as a vital aspect of political economy and increasingly as a decisive factor for human security. As clearly revealed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this nexus rests on a precarious balance. Graham and Yilmaz argue that Central Eurasia is currently ‘Running on Empty’ and highlight the key environmental challenges, including water quantity and quality and food security. The authors draw on their extensive fieldwork in countries including Azerbaijan, China, Georgia Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Uzbekistan to assess the interests and impact of pivotal actors and evaluate the competition and complementarities of these actors regarding water, energy, food security and foreign policy imperatives. They also examine the broader interaction and implications of security at multiple levels by analysing the local, national and international factors in light of geopolitical and environmental challenges. Taking a novel and highly interdisciplinary approach, this book will be an important resource for students and scholars of energy and food security, political economy, international conflict and cooperation and natural resource politics.

This book advances our understanding of security and its intricate interactions with geopolitics and the environment in Eurasia. Norman A. Graham and Şuhnaz Yılmaz focus on Eurasia, where the energy-water-food nexus has emerged as a vital aspect of political economy and increasingly as a decisive factor for human security. As clearly revealed during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this nexus rests on a precarious balance. Graham and Yilmaz argue that Central Eurasia is currently ‘Running on Empty’ and highlight the key environmental challenges, including water quantity and quality and food security. The authors draw on their extensive fieldwork in countries including Azerbaijan, China, Georgia Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Turkey and Uzbekistan to assess the interests and impact of pivotal actors and evaluate the competition and complementarities of these actors regarding water, energy, food security and foreign policy imperatives. They also examine the broader interaction and implications of security at multiple levels by analysing the local, national and international factors in light of geopolitical and environmental challenges. Taking a novel and highly interdisciplinary approach, this book will be an important resource for students and scholars of energy and food security, political economy, international conflict and cooperation and natural resource politics.

First published in 1986, the research for this book was originally undertaken by the authors at The Futures Group for the Office of Technology Assessment. This study assesses technology trade from the perspective of the competing supplier countries. This group was defined to include the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. Six Middle Eastern countries were selected for detailed review: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.

This book analyzes long-term demographic, economic, and resource-use trends in seventeen Caribbean basin countries. It points to the potentially destabilizing role of rapid population growth incorporating forecasting techniques to examine the impact of the factors for each country to the year 2000.

This book assesses the politics and programs of the U.S. Export-Import Bank and their relevance to U.S. trade policy. Focusing on the direct loan program for large credits with maturities of more than five years, the authors evaluate the broad criteria employed by the Bank in its decision-making process and the resulting allocation of Bank resources. They also examine the distribution of Bank loans and subsidies across industries and relate this to key industry characteristics such as comparative advantage and export dependence. The problems faced by the Eximbank in recent years-high borrowing costs, intensified export credit competition, limited resources, increased risks, conflicting mandates to be competitive yet self-sustaining --have given tremendous importance to the careful articulation of policy and administration of programs. The authors find Bank policies to be broadly supportive of the U.S. trade policy goals, but also identify several areas of inconsistency and lack of definition and offer alternative means of specifying criteria to overcome these problems.

First published in 1986, the research for this book was originally undertaken by the authors at The Futures Group for the Office of Technology Assessment. This study assesses technology trade from the perspective of the competing supplier countries. This group was defined to include the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. Six Middle Eastern countries were selected for detailed review: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia.

This book assesses the politics and programs of the U.S. Export-Import Bank and their relevance to U.S. trade policy. Focusing on the direct loan program for large credits with maturities of more than five years, the authors evaluate the broad criteria employed by the Bank in its decision-making process and the resulting allocation of Bank resources. They also examine the distribution of Bank loans and subsidies across industries and relate this to key industry characteristics such as comparative advantage and export dependence. The problems faced by the Eximbank in recent years-high borrowing costs, intensified export credit competition, limited resources, increased risks, conflicting mandates to be competitive yet self-sustaining --have given tremendous importance to the careful articulation of policy and administration of programs. The authors find Bank policies to be broadly supportive of the U.S. trade policy goals, but also identify several areas of inconsistency and lack of definition and offer alternative means of specifying criteria to overcome these problems.

An east-west axis of Azerbaijan and Turkey has grown into prominence within the broader structure of regional dynamics in Eurasia over the past two decades. Yet few, including among policy advisors and policy makers in either of the two states, have attempted to look deeper into the forces that lie behind the workings of this important regional nexus, a reality that resulted in a dual crisis in bilateral relations towards the end of the second decade of interaction. This volume investigates the underlying causes that shaped the dynamics within the structure of the bilateral relationship between Azerbaijan and Turkey. It features chapters by both scholars from the region and international experts in the field, and therefore provides both in-house and outside perspectives on developments within the complex structure of the relationship. With its analysis portfolio including historical, political, economic, socio-cultural, ideological, and international underpinnings of this regional alliance, the volume offers the most systematic and broad ranged analysis of the matter available to date. The book will serve as an important resource for students and scholars of post-Soviet Studies, Central Asia and the Caucasus, and the Middle East, while also being of interest to those of International Relations and political science disciplines.

This book analyzes long-term demographic, economic, and resource-use trends in seventeen Caribbean basin countries. It points to the potentially destabilizing role of rapid population growth incorporating forecasting techniques to examine the impact of the factors for each country to the year 2000.

An east-west axis of Azerbaijan and Turkey has grown into prominence within the broader structure of regional dynamics in Eurasia over the past two decades. Yet few, including among policy advisors and policy makers in either of the two states, have attempted to look deeper into the forces that lie behind the workings of this important regional nexus, a reality that resulted in a dual crisis in bilateral relations towards the end of the second decade of interaction. This volume investigates the underlying causes that shaped the dynamics within the structure of the bilateral relationship between Azerbaijan and Turkey. It features chapters by both scholars from the region and international experts in the field, and therefore provides both in-house and outside perspectives on developments within the complex structure of the relationship. With its analysis portfolio including historical, political, economic, socio-cultural, ideological, and international underpinnings of this regional alliance, the volume offers the most systematic and broad ranged analysis of the matter available to date. The book will serve as an important resource for students and scholars of post-Soviet Studies, Central Asia and the Caucasus, and the Middle East, while also being of interest to those of International Relations and political science disciplines.

This is the subjective story of one man's journey through life, the obstacles he encountered and the methods he used to forge two, successful, thirty-year careers. Circumstances caused Norman Graham to leave school and enter the workforce at the age of fourteen. At seventeen he enlisted in the Canadian army in the rank of boy. He chronicles his climb up the ranks, rung by rung, and his service in various parts of Canada, the UK, Europe and Africa. When Norman retired from the army in 1974 he embarked on a career in business. Again, using determination and perseverance, he succeeded in building a successful McDonald's restaurant franchise in Brantford and Paris, Ontario. He also served on the board of directors of several large companies and made a valuable contribution to many charitable institutions in his adopted city of Brantford. "From the Barrack Room to the Boardroom" is a truly inspiring read.

This is the subjective story of one man's journey through life, the obstacles he encountered and the methods he used to forge two, successful, thirty-year careers. Circumstances caused Norman Graham to leave school and enter the workforce at the age of fourteen. At seventeen he enlisted in the Canadian army in the rank of boy. He chronicles his climb up the ranks, rung by rung, and his service in various parts of Canada, the UK, Europe and Africa. When Norman retired from the army in 1974 he embarked on a career in business. Again, using determination and perseverance, he succeeded in building a successful McDonald's restaurant franchise in Brantford and Paris, Ontario. He also served on the board of directors of several large companies and made a valuable contribution to many charitable institutions in his adopted city of Brantford. "From the Barrack Room to the Boardroom" is a truly inspiring read.

Do military expenditures retard economic growth and development, enhance the development process, or neither? How effective are military and military-dominated regimes in promoting economic development? What is the impact of military expenditures and arms acquisitions on conflict patterns? Exploring the causal links between military expenditures and economic development in the Third World, the authors address the concept of security in the Third World context. They trace historical trends in arms transfers and technology diffusion, analyse the relationships between military spending and economic development in several newly industrialising and developing countries, and assess the impact of military regimes in the search for security and development.

This study analyzes theoretically and empirically the background of the rise to power of Vladimir Putin in Russia and Recip Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey. It situates this analysis in the contexts of the historical assessment of the fragility of liberal democracy and the persistence and growth of authoritarianism, populism, and dictatorship in many parts of the world. The authors argue that the question whether Putin and Erdogan can make Russia and Turkey great again is hard to confirm; personal ambition for power and wealth is certainly key to an understanding of both rulers. They each squandered opportunities to build from free and fair democratic electoral legitimacy and economic progress. The prospect for restored national greatness depends on how they can handle the economic and political challenges they now face and will continue to face in the near future, in a climate of global pandemic and economic recession. Both rulers so far have succeeded in maintaining and increasing their powers and influence in their respective regions, but neither has made real contributions to regional stability and order. Chaos seems to be growing, and the EU and the U.S. thus far seem unable to provide coherent responses to mitigate the impact of their adventurism and disruption.

This study analyzes theoretically and empirically the background of the rise to power of Vladimir Putin in Russia and Recip Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey. It situates this analysis in the contexts of the historical assessment of the fragility of liberal democracy and the persistence and growth of authoritarianism, populism, and dictatorship in many parts of the world. The authors argue that the question whether Putin and Erdogan can make Russia and Turkey great again is hard to confirm; personal ambition for power and wealth is certainly key to an understanding of both rulers. They each squandered opportunities to build from free and fair democratic electoral legitimacy and economic progress. The prospect for restored national greatness depends on how they can handle the economic and political challenges they now face and will continue to face in the near future, in a climate of global pandemic and economic recession. Both rulers so far have succeeded in maintaining and increasing their powers and influence in their respective regions, but neither has made real contributions to regional stability and order. Chaos seems to be growing, and the EU and the U.S. thus far seem unable to provide coherent responses to mitigate the impact of their adventurism and disruption.