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This book presents the study, design, modulation, optimization and
implementation of low power, passive DT- Ms for use in audio
applications. The high gain and bandwidth amplifier normally used
for integration in modulation, is replaced by passive,
switched-capacitor branches working under the Ultra Incomplete
Settling (UIS) condition, leading to a reduction of the consumed
power. The authors describe a design process that uses high level
models and an optimization process based in genetic algorithms to
achieve the desired performance.
This book describes the design of switched-capacitor filter
circuits using low gain amplifiers and demonstrates some techniques
that can minimize the effects of parasitic capacitances during the
design phase. Focus is given in the design of low-pass and
band-pass SC filters, and how higher order filters can be achieved
using cascaded biquadratic filter sections. The authors also
describe a low voltage implementation of a low-pass SC filter.
This book focuses on the design of a 3rd Order CT- M where the
integrator stages of the filter are implemented with
Bipolar-Junction Transistors (BJT) differential pairs. These
circuits are fully analyzed and the design method is carefully
explained. The design method is validated through experimental
measurements of several prototype circuits.
This book addresses the task of circuit sizing optimization. A
novel framework is introduced, based on time-domain analysis,
genetic algorithm optimization, and distributed processing. The
time-domain optimization methodology is based on the step response
of the amplifier, which simplifies the circuit evaluation and helps
the optimization process to converge faster. Complex and accurate
device models (e.g. BSIM3v3) are integrated. The time-domain
evaluation of the amplifier is used by the genetic algorithm
optimization kernel, in the classification of the genetic
individuals. Distributed processing is also employed to address the
increasing processing time demanded by the complex circuit
analysis, and the accurate models of the circuit devices. Platform
assessment is carried by several examples, which have been
optimized and successfully used, embedded, in larger systems, such
as data converters. A dedicated example of an inverter-based
self-biased two-stage amplifier has been designed, laid-out,
fabricated, and experimentally evaluated. The measured results are
a direct demonstration of the effectiveness of the proposed
time-domain optimization methodology.
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