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The authors suggest that China's renewable energy system, the
largest in the world, will quickly supersede the black energy
system that has powered the country's rapid rise as workshop of the
world and for reasons that have more to do with fixing
environmental pollution and enhancing energy security than with
curbing carbon emissions.
This book, first published in 1984, examines the economics and
political issues raised by foreign investment in mineral
development. It is an attempt to identify, as far as possible, what
occurs in and between countries when foreign investments are made
in mineral development, concentrating on two main themes: on the
nature of the transactions which constitute the process of foreign
investment on the physical level - money and instruments of credit,
objects, information and people as they cross national boundaries -
and on the nature of the relationships which are created between
foreign investors and governments in the countries where the
investments are made. The author argues that the nature of physical
transactions plays a crucial role in determining the character of
host country-foreign investor relations, and the policies and
attitudes adopted by host country authorities exercise an important
influence, in turn, on the physical effects of foreign investments.
As such, the book constitutes a comprehensive overview of the
economic and political factors involved in mining and its
development.
Negotiated agreements play a critical role in setting the
conditions under which resource development occurs on Indigenous
land. Our understanding of what determines the outcomes of
negotiations between Indigenous peoples and commercial interests is
very limited. With over two decades experience with Indigenous
organisations and communities, Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh's book
offers the first systematic analysis of agreement outcomes and the
factors that shape them, based on evaluative criteria developed
especially for this study; on an analysis of 45 negotiations
between Aboriginal peoples and mining companies across all of
Australia's major resource-producing regions; and on detailed case
studies of four negotiations in Australia and Canada.
This book, first published in 1984, examines the economics and
political issues raised by foreign investment in mineral
development. It is an attempt to identify, as far as possible, what
occurs in and between countries when foreign investments are made
in mineral development, concentrating on two main themes: on the
nature of the transactions which constitute the process of foreign
investment on the physical level - money and instruments of credit,
objects, information and people as they cross national boundaries -
and on the nature of the relationships which are created between
foreign investors and governments in the countries where the
investments are made. The author argues that the nature of physical
transactions plays a crucial role in determining the character of
host country-foreign investor relations, and the policies and
attitudes adopted by host country authorities exercise an important
influence, in turn, on the physical effects of foreign investments.
As such, the book constitutes a comprehensive overview of the
economic and political factors involved in mining and its
development.
Negotiated agreements play a critical role in setting the
conditions under which resource development occurs on Indigenous
land. Our understanding of what determines the outcomes of
negotiations between Indigenous peoples and commercial interests is
very limited. With over two decades experience with Indigenous
organisations and communities, Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh's book
offers the first systematic analysis of agreement outcomes and the
factors that shape them, based on evaluative criteria developed
especially for this study; on an analysis of 45 negotiations
between Aboriginal peoples and mining companies across all of
Australia's major resource-producing regions; and on detailed case
studies of four negotiations in Australia and Canada.
Indigenous peoples have historically gained little from large-scale
resource development on their traditional lands, and have suffered
from its negative impacts on their cultures, economies and
societies. During recent decades indigenous groups and their allies
have fought hard to change this situation: in some cases by
opposing development entirely; in many others by seeking a
fundamental change in the distribution of benefits and costs from
resource exploitation. In doing so they have utilised a range of
approaches, including efforts to win greater recognition of
indigenous rights in international fora; pressure for passage of
national and state or provincial legislation recognising indigenous
land rights and protecting indigenous culture; litigation in
national and international courts; and direct political action
aimed at governments and developers, often in alliance with
non-governmental organisations (NGOs). At the same time, and partly
in response to these initiatives, many of the corporations that
undertake large-scale resource exploitation have sought to address
concerns regarding the impact of their activities on indigenous
peoples by adopting what are generally referred to as "corporate
social responsibility" (CSR) policies. This book focuses on such
corporate initiatives. It does not treat them in isolation,
recognising that their adoption and impact is contextual, and is
related both to the wider social and political framework in which
they occur and to the activities and initiatives of indigenous
peoples. It does not treat them uncritically, recognising that they
may in some cases consist of little more than exercises in public
relations. However, neither does it approach them cynically,
recognising the possibility that, even if CSR policies and
activities reflect hard-headed business decisions, and indeed
perhaps particularly if they do so, they can generate significant
benefits for indigenous peoples if appropriate accountability
mechanisms are in place. In undertaking an in-depth analysis of CSR
and indigenous peoples in the extractive industries, the book seeks
to answer the following questions. What is the nature and extent of
CSR initiatives in the extractive industries and how should they be
understood? What motivates companies to pursue CSR policies and
activities? How do specific political, social and legal contexts
shape corporate behaviour? What is the relationship between
indigenous political action and CSR? How and to what extent can
corporations be held accountable for their policies and actions?
Can CSR help bring about a fundamental change in the distribution
of benefits and costs from large-scale resource exploitation and,
if so, under what conditions can this occur? Earth Matters gathers
key experts from around the world who discuss corporate initiatives
in Alaska, Ecuador, Australia, Canada, Peru, Papua New Guinea,
Indonesia and Russia. The book explores the great diversity that
characterises initiatives and policies under the name of "corporate
social responsibility", the highly contingent and contextual nature
of corporate responses to indigenous demands, and the complex and
evolving nature of indigenous-corporate relations. It also reveals
much about the conditions under which CSR can contribute to a
redistribution of benefits and costs from large-scale resource
development. Earth Matters will be essential reading for those
working in and studying the extractive industry worldwide, as well
as those readers looking for a state-of-the-art description of how
CSR is functioning in perhaps its most difficult setting.
Since the 1970s governments in Canada and Australia have introduced
policies designed to recruit Indigenous people into public
services. Today, there are thousands of Indigenous public servants
in these countries, and hundreds in senior roles. Their presence
raises numerous questions: How do Indigenous people experience
public-sector employment? What perspectives do they bring to it?
And how does Indigenous leadership enhance public policy making? A
comparative study of Indigenous public servants in British Columbia
and Queensland, Leading from Between addresses critical concerns
about leadership, difference, and public service. Centring the
voices, personal experiences, and understandings of Indigenous
public servants, this book uses their stories and testimony to
explore how Indigenous participation and leadership change the way
policies are made. Articulating a new understanding of leadership
and what it could mean in contemporary public service, Catherine
Althaus and Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh challenge the public service
sector to work towards a more personalized and responsive
bureaucracy. At a time when Canada and Australia seek to advance
reconciliation and self-determination agendas, Leading from Between
shows how public servants who straddle the worlds of Western
bureaucracy and Indigenous communities are key to helping
governments meet the opportunities and challenges of growing
diversity.
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