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This book describes the huge efforts by the Chinese Government
concerning the restoration and future sustainable management of
Chinese water systems. It presents the results of a Sino-European
joint project concerning the Songhuajiang-Liaohe River Basin (SLRB)
in Northeast China conducted by the Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences (CRAES), the Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany, and the Natural Environment
Research Council as represented by the Centre for Ecology and
Hydrology (CEH), UK. The book explains in great detail the
development of risk assessment and corresponding management methods
for (i) controlling water pollution, (ii) assessing river health
and ecological restoration options, (iii) characterizing persistent
organic pollutants (POPs), and (iv) protecting fragile groundwater
resources. It also describes the implemented demonstration sites of
SLRB during the project course as well as lessons learnt on
efficient project management and the dissemination of knowledge and
technologies.
The book comprises the 3rd collection of benchmarks and examples
for porous and fractured media mechanics. Analysis of
thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes is essential to a
wide area of applications in environmental engineering, such as
geological waste deposition, geothermal energy utilization (shallow
and deep systems), carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as
water resources management and hydrology. In order to assess the
feasibility, safety as well as sustainability of geoenvironmental
applications, model-based simulation is the only way to quantify
future scenarios. This charges a huge responsibility concerning the
reliability of conceptual models and computational tools.
Benchmarking is an appropriate methodology to verify the quality
and validate the concept of models based on best practices.
Moreover, benchmarking and code comparison are building strong
community links. The 3rd THMC benchmark book also introduces
benchmark-based tutorials, therefore the subtitle is selected as
"From Benchmarking to Tutoring". The benchmark book is part of the
OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project to share knowledge
and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation. The new version of OGS-6 is introduced and first
benchmarks are presented therein (see appendices).
This volume addresses the latest results of the Major Water Program
of the Chinese Government which aims at the restoration of polluted
water environments and sustainable management of water resources in
China. It specifically summarizes the results of the BMBF-CLIENT
project "Management of Water Resources in Urban Catchments" and the
related MoST project "Key Technologies and Management Modes for the
Water Environmental Rehabilitation of a Lake City from the
Catchment Viewpoint" in Chaohu. The project is conducted by the
Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Technische
Universitat Dresden, German and Chinese companies (WISUTEC, AMC,
bbe Moldaenke, itwh, OpenGeoSys e.V., HC System and EWaters) in
close cooperation with Tongji University, Nanjing Institute of
Geography and Limnology of Academy of Sciences, Institute for
Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chaohu Lake
Management Authority. The book explains the development of concepts
and solutions for sustained water quality improvement in Chaohu,
combining urban water resource management, decentralized sanitation
solutions, methods in water quality assurance, environmental
information systems and groundwater modeling.
This volume of the Chinese Water Systems subseries offers
up-to-date and comprehensive information on various aspects of the
Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. Following a
detailed introduction of the lake basin, the respective chapters
present the findings of studies examining surface and subsurface
hydrology, relationships between plant ecology and pollution of the
wetlands, changes of land cover as well as the development of
modern computational approaches to create Environmental Information
Systems for water management. Moreover, the results are
supplemented by a wealth of numerical calculations, tables, figures
and photographs to make the research results more tangible. Closing
with concise information on the "Research Centre for Environmental
Information Science" (RCEIS), the book offers a valuable guide for
researchers, teachers and professionals working in the areas of
water environment, water security and ecological restoration. The
projects have been supported by the Sino-German Centre for Science
Promotion, the Helmholtz Association and the Chinese Academy of
Sciences.
This book presents a new suite of benchmarks for and examples of
porous media mechanics collected over the last two years. It
continues the assembly of benchmarks and examples for porous media
mechanics published in 2014. The book covers various applications
in the geosciences, geotechnics, geothermal energy, and geological
waste deposition. The analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical
(THMC) processes is essential to many applications in environmental
engineering, such as geological waste deposition, geothermal energy
utilisation, carbon capture and storage, water resources
management, hydrology, and even climate change. In order to assess
the feasibility and safety of geotechnical applications,
process-based modelling is the only tool that can effectively
quantify future scenarios, a fact which also creates a huge burden
of responsibility concerning the reliability of computational
tools. The book shows that benchmarking offers a suitable
methodology for verifying the quality of modelling tools based on
best practices, and together with code comparison fosters community
efforts. It also provides a brief introduction to the DECOVALEX,
SeSBench and MOMAS initiatives. This benchmark book is part of the
OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project designed to share
knowledge and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation.
This book describes the huge efforts by the Chinese Government
concerning the restoration and future sustainable management of
Chinese water systems. It presents the results of a Sino-European
joint project concerning the Songhuajiang-Liaohe River Basin (SLRB)
in Northeast China conducted by the Chinese Research Academy of
Environmental Sciences (CRAES), the Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany, and the Natural Environment
Research Council as represented by the Centre for Ecology and
Hydrology (CEH), UK. The book explains in great detail the
development of risk assessment and corresponding management methods
for (i) controlling water pollution, (ii) assessing river health
and ecological restoration options, (iii) characterizing persistent
organic pollutants (POPs), and (iv) protecting fragile groundwater
resources. It also describes the implemented demonstration sites of
SLRB during the project course as well as lessons learnt on
efficient project management and the dissemination of knowledge and
technologies.
The book comprises the 3rd collection of benchmarks and examples
for porous and fractured media mechanics. Analysis of
thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes is essential to a
wide area of applications in environmental engineering, such as
geological waste deposition, geothermal energy utilization (shallow
and deep systems), carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as
water resources management and hydrology. In order to assess the
feasibility, safety as well as sustainability of geoenvironmental
applications, model-based simulation is the only way to quantify
future scenarios. This charges a huge responsibility concerning the
reliability of conceptual models and computational tools.
Benchmarking is an appropriate methodology to verify the quality
and validate the concept of models based on best practices.
Moreover, benchmarking and code comparison are building strong
community links. The 3rd THMC benchmark book also introduces
benchmark-based tutorials, therefore the subtitle is selected as
"From Benchmarking to Tutoring". The benchmark book is part of the
OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project to share knowledge
and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation. The new version of OGS-6 is introduced and first
benchmarks are presented therein (see appendices).
Thermochemical gas-solid reactions, as well as adsorption
processes, are currently of significant interest for the design of
heat storage systems. This book provides detailed models of these
reactions and processes that account for heat and mass transport,
chemical and physical reactions, and possible local thermal
non-equilibrium. The underlying scientific theory behind the models
is explained, laboratory tests are simulated, and methods for
high-performance computing are discussed. Applications ranging from
seasonal domestic heat storage to diurnally operating systems in
concentrating solar power facilities are considered in these
models, which are not available through any other sources. Finally,
an outlook on future developments highlights emerging technologies.
The present book provides guidance to understanding complicated
coupled processes based on the experimental data available and
implementation of developed algorithms in numerical codes. Results
of selected test cases in the fields of closed-form solutions
(e.g., deformation processes), single processes (such as
groundwater flow) as well as coupled processes are presented. It is
part of the OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project to share
knowledge and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation with the community.
The book comprises an assembly of benchmarks and examples for
porous media mechanics collected over the last twenty years.
Analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes is
essential to many applications in environmental engineering, such
as geological waste deposition, geothermal energy utilisation,
carbon capture and storage, water resources management, hydrology,
even climate chance. In order to assess the feasibility as well as
the safety of geotechnical applications, process-based modelling is
the only tool to put numbers, i.e. to quantify future scenarios.
This charges a huge responsibility concerning the reliability of
computational tools. Benchmarking is an appropriate methodology to
verify the quality of modelling tools based on best practices.
Moreover, benchmarking and code comparison foster community
efforts. The benchmark book is part of the OpenGeoSys initiative -
an open source project to share knowledge and experience in
environmental analysis and scientific computation.
This book presents a new suite of benchmarks for and examples of
porous media mechanics collected over the last two years. It
continues the assembly of benchmarks and examples for porous media
mechanics published in 2014. The book covers various applications
in the geosciences, geotechnics, geothermal energy, and geological
waste deposition. The analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical
(THMC) processes is essential to many applications in environmental
engineering, such as geological waste deposition, geothermal energy
utilisation, carbon capture and storage, water resources
management, hydrology, and even climate change. In order to assess
the feasibility and safety of geotechnical applications,
process-based modelling is the only tool that can effectively
quantify future scenarios, a fact which also creates a huge burden
of responsibility concerning the reliability of computational
tools. The book shows that benchmarking offers a suitable
methodology for verifying the quality of modelling tools based on
best practices, and together with code comparison fosters community
efforts. It also provides a brief introduction to the DECOVALEX,
SeSBench and MOMAS initiatives. This benchmark book is part of the
OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project designed to share
knowledge and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation.
The present book provides guidance to understanding complicated
coupled processes based on the experimental data available and
implementation of developed algorithms in numerical codes. Results
of selected test cases in the fields of closed-form solutions
(e.g., deformation processes), single processes (such as
groundwater flow) as well as coupled processes are presented. It is
part of the OpenGeoSys initiative - an open source project to share
knowledge and experience in environmental analysis and scientific
computation with the community.
The book comprises an assembly of benchmarks and examples for
porous media mechanics collected over the last twenty years.
Analysis of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes is
essential to many applications in environmental engineering, such
as geological waste deposition, geothermal energy utilisation,
carbon capture and storage, water resources management, hydrology,
even climate chance. In order to assess the feasibility as well as
the safety of geotechnical applications, process-based modelling is
the only tool to put numbers, i.e. to quantify future scenarios.
This charges a huge responsibility concerning the reliability of
computational tools. Benchmarking is an appropriate methodology to
verify the quality of modelling tools based on best practices.
Moreover, benchmarking and code comparison foster community
efforts. The benchmark book is part of the OpenGeoSys initiative -
an open source project to share knowledge and experience in
environmental analysis and scientific computation.
Fluids play an important role in environmental systems appearing as
surface water in rivers, lakes, and coastal regions or in the
subsurface as well as in the atmosphere. Mechanics of environmental
fluids is concerned with fluid motion, associated mass and heat
transport as well as deformation processes in subsurface systems.
In this reference work the fundamental modelling approaches based
on continuum mechanics for fluids in the environment are described,
including porous media and turbulence. Numerical methods for
solving the process governing equations as well as its
object-oriented computer implementation are discussed and
illustrated with examples. Finally, the application of computer
models in civil and environmental engineering is demonstrated.
Fluids, play an important role in environmental systems, appearing as surface water in rivers, lakes, and coastal regions or in the subsurface as well as in the atmosphere. Mechanics of environmental fluids is concerned with fluid motion, associated mass and heat transport in addition to deformation processes in subsurface systems. In this textbook the fundamental modelling approaches based on continuum mechanics for fluids in the environment are described, including porous media and turbulence. Numerical methods for solving the process governing equations and its object-oriented computer implementation are discussed and illustrated with examples. Finally the application of computer models in civil and environmental engineering is demonstrated.
This volume of the Chinese Water Systems subseries offers
up-to-date and comprehensive information on various aspects of the
Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. Following a
detailed introduction of the lake basin, the respective chapters
present the findings of studies examining surface and subsurface
hydrology, relationships between plant ecology and pollution of the
wetlands, changes of land cover as well as the development of
modern computational approaches to create Environmental Information
Systems for water management. Moreover, the results are
supplemented by a wealth of numerical calculations, tables, figures
and photographs to make the research results more tangible. Closing
with concise information on the "Research Centre for Environmental
Information Science" (RCEIS), the book offers a valuable guide for
researchers, teachers and professionals working in the areas of
water environment, water security and ecological restoration. The
projects have been supported by the Sino-German Centre for Science
Promotion, the Helmholtz Association and the Chinese Academy of
Sciences.
In this book, effective computational methods to facilitate those
pivotal simulations using open-source software are introduced and
discussed with a special focus on the coupled thermo-mechanical
behavior of the rock salt. A cohesive coverage of applying
geotechnical modeling to the subsurface storage of hydrogen
produced from renewable energy sources is accompanied by specific,
reproducible example simulations to provide the reader with direct
access to this fascinating and important field. Energy carriers
such as natural gas, hydrogen, oil, and even compressed air can be
stored in subsurface geological formations such as depleted oil or
gas reservoirs, aquifers, and caverns in salt rock. Many challenges
have arisen in the design, safety and environmental impact
assessment of such systems, not the least of which is that
large-scale experimentation is not a feasible option. Therefore,
simulation techniques are central to the design and risk assessment
of these and similar geotechnical facilities.
This introduction to geothermal modeling deals with flow and heat
transport processes in porous and fractured media related to
geothermal energy applications. Following background coverage of
geothermal resources and utilization in several countries, the
basics of continuum mechanics for heat transport processes, as well
as numerical methods for solving underlying governing equations are
discussed. This examination forms the theoretical basis for five
included step-by-step OpenGeoSys exercises, highlighting the most
important computational areas within geothermal resource
utilization, including heat diffusion, heat advection in porous and
fractured media, and heat convection. The book concludes with an
outlook on practical follow-up contributions investigating the
numerical simulation of shallow and deep geothermal systems.
This tutorial on the application of the open-source software
OpenGeoSys (OGS) in computational hydrology is based on a one-week
training course at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research
in Leipzig, Germany. It provides general information regarding
hydrological and groundwater flow modeling and the pre-processing
and step-by-step model setups of a case study with OGS and related
components such as the OGS Data Explorer. The tutorial also
illustrates the application of pre- and post-processing tools such
as ArcGIS and ParaView. This book is intended primarily for
graduate students and applied scientists who deal with
hydrological-system analysis and hydrological modeling. It is also
a valuable source of information for practicing hydrologists
wishing to further their understanding of the numerical modeling of
coupled hydrological-hydrogeological systems. This tutorial is the
first in a series that will present further OGS applications in
environmental sciences.
This book is dedicated to the numerical modeling of shallow
geothermal systems. The utilization of shallow geothermal energy
involves the integration of multiple Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE)
with Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems to provide heating and
cooling. The modeling practices explained in this book can improve
the efficiency of these increasingly common systems. The book
begins by explaining the basic theory of heat transport processes
in man-made as well as natural media. . These techniques are then
applied to the simulation of borehole heat exchangers and their
interaction with the surrounding soil. The numerical and analytical
models are verified against analytical solutions and measured data
from a Thermal Response Test, and finally, a real test site is
analyzed through the model and discussed with regard to BHE and
GSHP system design and optimization.
Dieses Handbuch besteht aus sieben Einzelbanden, die folgende
Themen behandeln: Geofernerkundung, Stromungs- und
Transportmodelle, Geologie, Geophysik, Geochemie, Tonmineralogie,
Handlungsanweisungen. Als Grundlage diente den 37 beteiligten
Forschungseinrichtungen und Firmen die Analyse von 28
Einzelvorhaben. Dabei wurden an ausgewahlten Teststandorten neue
und bereits erprobte Verfahren gegenubergestellt, um so eine
Auswahl der effektivsten und kostengunstigsten
Methodenkombinationen zu erhalten. Von der Bundesanstalt fur
Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe berufene Wissenschaftler stellten
aus den hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnissen das vorliegende Werk
zusammen und achteten darauf, dass auch wissenschaftliche
Grundlagen und Hintergrundinformationen entsprechend berucksichtigt
wurden."
Dieses Handbuch besteht aus sieben Einzelbanden, die folgende
Themen behandeln: Geofernerkundung, Stromungs- und
Transportmodelle, Geologie, Geophysik, Geochemie, Tonmineralogie,
Handlungsanweisungen. Als Grundlage diente den 37 beteiligten
Forschungseinrichtungen und Firmen die Analyse von 28
Einzelvorhaben. Dabei wurden an ausgewahlten Teststandorten neue
und bereits erprobte Verfahren gegenubergestellt, um so eine
Auswahl der effektivsten und kostengunstigsten
Methodenkombinationen zu erhalten. Von der Bundesanstalt fur
Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe berufene Wissenschaftler stellten
aus den hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnissen das vorliegende Werk
zusammen und achteten darauf, dass auch wissenschaftliche
Grundlagen und Hintergrundinformationen entsprechend berucksichtigt
wurden."
This open access book summarizes the results of the collaborative
project "GeomInt: Geomechanical integrity of host and barrier rocks
- experiment, modeling and analysis of discontinuities" within the
Program: Geo Research for Sustainability (GEO: N) of the Federal
Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The use of geosystems as
a source of resources, a storage space, for installing underground
municipal or traffic infrastructure has become much more intensive
and diverse in recent years. Increasing utilization of the
geological environment requires careful analyses of the rock-fluid
systems as well as assessments of the feasibility, efficiency and
environmental impacts of the technologies under consideration. The
establishment of safe, economic and ecological operation of
underground geosystems requires a comprehensive understanding of
the physical, (geo)chemical and microbiological processes on all
relevant time and length scales. This understanding can only be
deepened on the basis of intensive laboratory and in-situ
experiments in conjunction with reliable studies on the modeling
and simulation (numerical experiments) of the corresponding
multi-physical/chemical processes. The present work provides a
unique handbook for experimentalists, modelers, analysts and even
decision makers concerning the characterization of various types of
host rocks (salt, clay, crystalline formations) for various
geotechnical applications.
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