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From a Church that once enjoyed devotional loyalty, political
influence, and institutional power unrivaled in Europe, the
Catholic Church in Ireland now faces collapse. Devastated by a
series of reports on clerical sexual abuse, challenged publicly
during several political battles, and painfully aware of plunging
Mass attendance, the Irish Church today is confronted with the loss
of its institutional legitimacy. This study is the first
international and interdisciplinary attempt to consider the scope
of the problem, analyze issues that are crucial to the Irish
context, and identify signs of both resilience and renewal. In
addition to an overview of the current status and future directions
of Irish Catholicism, The Catholic Church in Ireland Today examines
specific issues such as growing secularism, the changing image of
Irish bishops, generational divides, Catholic migrants to Ireland,
the abuse crisis and responses in Ireland and the United States,
Irish missionaries, the political role of Irish priests, the 2012
Dublin Eucharistic Congress, and contemplative strands in Irish
identity. This book identifies the key issues that students of
Irish society and others interested in Catholic culture must
examine in order to understand the changing roles of religion in
the contemporary world.
The study of religion and politics is a strongly behavioral
sub-discipline, and within the American context, scholars place
tremendous emphasis on its influence on political attitudes and
behaviors, resultuing in a better understanding of religion's
ability to shape voting patterns, party affiliation, and views of
public policy.
Clergy are pillars of local religious communities, and Roman
Catholic priests are perhaps the quintessential examples of pastors
functioning as political elites. The political science literature
demonstrates that priests (indeed, clergy more generally) are
well-positioned to influence the faithful, even if this influence
is somewhat inconsistent. At their core, priests are opinion
leaders and representatives of their church to both the faithful
and their local communities. But exactly how Catholic priests
determine the political acts and attitudes associated with their
elite role remains a puzzle. We suggest it is the product of an
interactive institutional, social, and psychological milieu, the
complexity of which has not been fully assessed in the extant
literature. Though some might prefer to think of priests as
profiles in courage operating above the political fray, the
institutional and personal realities of priest life often forces
them to deal with the political realm. In doing so, priests are
variably responsive to different principals, or reference groups,
that represent specific dimensions of their professional context.
Drawing on a series of randomized experiments on samples of Roman
Catholic priests in the US and Ireland, we find that priests
cognitively draw on varying professional and personal cues in
responding to their employer's institutional preferences.
Furthermore, how priests represent their church's political
preferences to parishioners appears to be a matter of
individual-level discretion.
This work is a collection of essays that describe and analyze
religion and regime relations in various nations in the
contemporary world. The contributors examine patterns of
interaction between religious actors and national governments that
include separation, support, and opposition. In general, the
contributors find that most countries have a majority or plurality
religious tradition, which will seek a privileged position in
public life. The nature of the relationship between such traditions
and national policy is largely determined by the nature of
opposition. A pattern of quasi-establishment is most common in
settings in which opposition to a dominant religious tradition is
explicitly religious. However, in some instances, the dominant
tradition is associated with a discredited prior regime, in which a
pattern of legal separation is most common. Conversely, in some
nations, a dominant religion is, for historical reasons, strong
associated with national identity. Such regimes are often
characterized by a "lazy monopoly," in which the public influence
of religion is reduced.
This work is a collection of essays that describe and analyze
religion and regime relations in various nations in the
contemporary world. The contributors examine patterns of
interaction between religious actors and national governments that
include separation, support, and opposition. In general, the
contributors find that most countries have a majority or plurality
religious tradition, which will seek a privileged position in
public life. The nature of the relationship between such traditions
and national policy is largely determined by the nature of
opposition. A pattern of quasi-establishment is most common in
settings in which opposition to a dominant religious tradition is
explicitly religious. However, in some instances, the dominant
tradition is associated with a discredited prior regime, in which a
pattern of legal separation is most common. Conversely, in some
nations, a dominant religion is, for historical reasons, strong
associated with national identity. Such regimes are often
characterized by a "lazy monopoly," in which the public influence
of religion is reduced.
The study of religion and politics is a strongly behavioral
sub-discipline, and within the American context, scholars place
tremendous emphasis on its influence on political attitudes and
behaviors, resultuing in a better understanding of religion's
ability to shape voting patterns, party affiliation, and views of
public policy.
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