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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This edited
collection provides a comprehensive analysis of the differences and
similarities between civil legal aid schemes in the Nordic
countries whilst outlining recent legal aid transformations in
their respective welfare states. Based on in-depth studies of
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland, the authors compare
these cases with legal aid in Europe and the US to examine whether
a single, unique Nordic model exists. Contextualizing Nordic legal
aid in relation to welfare ideology and human rights, Hammerslev
and Halvorsen Ronning consider whether flaws in the welfare state
exist, and how legal aid affects disadvantaged citizens. Concluding
that the five countries all have very different legal aid schemes,
the authors explore an important general trend: welfare states
increasingly outsourcing legal aid to the market and the third
sector through both membership organizations and smaller voluntary
organizations. A methodical and compassionate text, this book will
be of special interest to scholars and students of the criminal
justice, the welfare state, and the legal aid system.
This book presents an invaluable collection of essays by eminent
scholars from a wide variety of disciplines on the main issues
currently confronting legal professions across the world. It does
this through a comparative analysis of the data provided by the
reports on 46 countries in its companion volume: Lawyers in
21st-Century Societies: Vol. 1: National Reports (Hart 2020).
Together these volumes build on the seminal collection Lawyers in
Society (Abel and Lewis 1988a; 1988b; 1989). The period since 1988
has seen an acceleration and intensification of the global
socio-economic, cultural and political developments that in the
1980s were challenging traditional professional forms. Together
with the striking transformation of the world order as a result of
the fall of the Soviet bloc, neo-liberalism, globalisation, the
financialisation of capitalism, technological innovations, and the
changing demography of lawyers, these developments underscored the
need for a new, comparative exploration of the legal professional
field. This volume deepens the insights in volume 1, with chapters
on legal professions in Africa, Latin America, the Islamic world,
emerging economies, and former communist regimes. It also addresses
theoretical questions, including the sociology of lawyers and other
professions (medicine, accountancy), state production, the rule of
law, regional bodies, large law firms, access to justice,
technology, casualisation, cause lawyering, diversity (gender,
race, and masculinity), corruption, ethics regulation, and legal
education. Together with volume 1, it will inform and challenge
conceptions of the contemporary profession, and stimulate and
support further research.
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This edited
collection provides a comprehensive analysis of the differences and
similarities between civil legal aid schemes in the Nordic
countries whilst outlining recent legal aid transformations in
their respective welfare states. Based on in-depth studies of
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland, the authors compare
these cases with legal aid in Europe and the US to examine whether
a single, unique Nordic model exists. Contextualizing Nordic legal
aid in relation to welfare ideology and human rights, Hammerslev
and Halvorsen Ronning consider whether flaws in the welfare state
exist, and how legal aid affects disadvantaged citizens. Concluding
that the five countries all have very different legal aid schemes,
the authors explore an important general trend: welfare states
increasingly outsourcing legal aid to the market and the third
sector through both membership organizations and smaller voluntary
organizations. A methodical and compassionate text, this book will
be of special interest to scholars and students of the criminal
justice, the welfare state, and the legal aid system.
The world's legal professions have undergone dramatic changes in
the 30 years since publication of the landmark three-volume Lawyers
in Society, which launched comparative sociological studies of
lawyers. This is the first of two volumes in which scholars from a
wide range of disciplines, countries and cultures document and
analyse those changes. The present volume presents reports on 46
countries, with broad coverage of North America, Western Europe,
Latin America, Asia, Australia, North Africa and the Middle East,
sub-Saharan Africa, and former communist countries. These national
reports address: the impact of globalisation and neoliberalism on
national legal professions (the relationship of lawyers and their
professional associations to the state and tensions between state
and citizenship); changes in lawyer demography (rapidly growing
numbers and the profession's efforts to retain control, the entry
of women and obstacles to full gender equality, ethnic diversity);
legal education (the proliferation of institutions and pedagogic
innovation); the regulation of lawyers; structures of production
(especially the growth of large firms and the impact of technology
and paraprofessionals); the distribution of lawyers across roles;
and access to justice (state-funded legal aid and pro-bono
services). The juxtaposition of the reports reveals the dramatic
transformations of professional rationales, labour markets, and
working practices and the multiple contingencies of the role of
lawyers in societies experiencing increasing juridification within
a new geopolitical order.
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