By global standards, South African financial markets are well developed, with mature, resilient and stable financial market infrastructures and financial institutions. In addition South Africa has independent regulatory authorities and policymakers that are targeting a financial sector regulatory framework that complies with international good practice. Understanding South African Financial Markets provides a clear, well-structured guide to South Africa’s dynamic and sophisticated financial market environment, comprehensively dealing with many complex topics and striving to bring the reader up to speed with the latest financial market developments.

Understanding South African Financial Markets has been compiled by practitioners from the financial markets and experienced faculty members in economics and financial management. Jargon that may be unfamiliar is explained in lay terms, and both international and local market practices and norms are discussed where relevant.

Contents include the following:

• Fundamentals of the financial system
• The South African Reserve Bank
• Banks
• Microfinance institutions
• Insurers
• Retirement funds
• Investment institutions
• Regulation of the financial markets
• Financial market terminology and technicalities
• The markets in major established asset classes such as equity, money market, derivatives, bonds, foreign exchange, and commodities
• The market in emerging and volatile crypto assets
• Financial Technology (Fintech) and its significance for the financial sector
• The impact of taxation on investment returns

These study guides cover the basic concepts and skills required in a subject at first-year level and combine generic academic skills, professional skills and academic content. They simplify difficult concepts and allow the student to practice and apply these concepts. Each chapter covers the key areas of skills, ideas and practice. The step-by-step approach promotes an understanding of complex concepts. Practice for the exam exercises at the end of each chapter help students prepare for the exams. Tips are provided on how to cope with learning in the tertiary environment.

The Constitution informs every aspect of our legal system and every instance of interpretation and application of that system. The Bill of Rights Handbook’s detailed coverage of all aspects of Bill of Rights jurisprudence and practice has made it the standard reference work for this important area of law, and it has been extensively relied upon and quoted by the judiciary.

The sixth edition of the Handbook is a comprehensive account of over two decades of jurisprudence interpreting and applying the Bill of Rights. The work has been thoroughly revised, in particular to cover developments in the areas of constitutional jurisdiction, remedies and socio-economic rights.

Numerous opportunities have come and gone over the past 20 years of democracy in South Africa for the State to engage with Civil Society and bring development closer to its intended beneficiaries. Civil Society, through its advocacy initiatives, has secured for itself a great-er voice and choice in development, and every role player therein should continuously endeavour to make a difference by participating actively and meaningfully in development. Authentic, sustainable grassroots transformation and development, however, is not possible without public participation, social learning, self-reliance and empowerment.

Development, the State and Civil Society in South Africa addresses the practical reality of the development consultant, government and public sector change agent, politician and policy maker. Departing from a humanist and people-centred perspective, it captures the fundamentals upon which most development theory, policy, programmes/projects and practices are based, namely cooperation, participatory planning and public participation.

The book follows a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to assessing development management principles and strategies. Important challenges in development management and related practice and policy interventions are also functionally integrated.

Contents include the following:

• Development theories, management and the democratic developmental State
• Promoting people-centred development and good governance
• The role of developmental non-governmental organisations
• The private sector and social responsibility
• The role of trade unions and international development agencies
• Micro-level development and public participation
• Integrated Development Planning (IDP)
• Social development research

Chapter review questions test knowledge and understanding of issues discussed, and encourage critical examination from different perspectives. The final chapter provides guidelines for writing scientific documents and using basic social research methodology – essential skills for all researchers and practitioners in development management.

Bacterial Secondary Metabolites: Synthesis and Applications in Agroecosystem presents the structure, properties, and biotechnological applications of bacterial metabolites and their upcoming industrial, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, and anticancer applications. Chapters cover topics such as the use of lactic acid bacteria as an antifungal and antibacterial agent, bacterial siderophores structure and potential applications, and the role of cyanobacteria metabolites in disease management, among others. Plant and agri-food environmental scientists and researchers, graduate and post-graduate students in related fields will benefit from this reference book which is published as part of the series Nanobiotechnology for Plant Protection.

Imperiled: The Encyclopedia of Conservation, part of a three-volume set, updates on humanity's expanding ecological footprint. With climate change, increases in human population, consumption levels, and other anthropogenic factors, nearly half the known species on Earth could soon be gone. This book provides a global synthesis of the world's imperiled species and ecosystems. It documents rarity and endangerment, the major drivers of loss, areas of conservation importance, and implementation strategies to save and restore imperiled species and ecosystems. This is first of its kind coverage of Earth's imperiled species and ecosystems in a comprehensive encyclopedia.

New technologies in 3D printing offer innovative capabilities in surgery, biomedical engineering and nanotechnology. This hot topic title synthesizes the most up-to-date information on 3D printing and provides guidance on the optimal application in today's surgical practice, from evaluation in the technology, patient education uses, to ethics and intellectual property, through to virtual reality and future opportunities. Includes expert guidance on the challenges, opportunities, and limitations of 3D printing in the field of surgery. Covers patient and surgical education, ethics and intellectual property, quality and safety, 3D printing as it relates to nanotechnology, tissue engineering, virtual augmented reality, and more. Consolidates today's available information in this rapidly growing area into a single convenient resource.

Biocorrosion refers to corrosion influenced by bacteria adhering to surfaces in biofilms. Biocorrosion is a major problem in areas such as cooling systems and marine structures where biofilms can develop. This book summarises key recent research in this subject. Part one looks at theories of biocorrosion and measurement techniques. Part two discusses how bacteria and biofilms result in biocorrosion. The final part of the book includes case studies of biocorrosion in areas as diverse as buildings, fuels, marine environments and cooling systems.

Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR.
Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up is a comprehensive resource for professionals, researchers, scientists and academics in radioactive waste management, governmental and other regulatory bodies and the nuclear power industry.
Explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategiesReviews international safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel managementHighlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America specifically including a chapter on the experience in Fukushima, Japan

Understanding the techniques for joining fabrics together in a way that considers durability, strength, leak-tightness, comfort in wear and the aesthetics of the joints is critical to the production of successful, structurally secure fabric products. Joining textiles: Principles and applications is an authoritative guide to the key theories and methods used to join fabrics efficiently.
Part one provides a clear overview of sewing technology. The mechanics of stitching, sewing and problems related to sewn textiles are discussed, along with mechanisms of sewing machines and intelligent sewing systems. Part two goes on to explore adhesive bonding of textiles, including principles, methods and applications, along with a review of bonding requirements in coating and laminating of textiles. Welding technologies are the focus of part three. Heat sealing, ultrasonic and dielectric textile welding are covered, as are laser seaming of fabrics and the properties and performance of welded or bonded seams. Finally, part four reviews applications of joining textiles such as seams in non-iron shirts and car seat coverings, joining of wearable electronic components and technical textiles, and the joining techniques involved in industrial and medical products including nonwoven materials.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Joining textiles is an important reference work for textile product manufacturers, designers and technologists, fibre scientists, textile engineers and academics working in this area.
Provides an authoritative guide to the key theories and methods used to efficiently join fabricsDiscusses the mechanics of stitching and sewing and problems related to sewn textiles, alongside mechanisms of sewing machines, and intelligent sewing systemsExplores adhesive bonding of textiles, including principles, methods and applications, along with a review of bonding requirements in coating and laminating of textiles

"Organic Syntheses Based on Named Reactions" is an indispensable reference companion for chemistry students and researchers. Building on Hassner & Stumer s highly regarded 2e, this new work reviews 750 reactions, with over 100 new stereoselective and regioselective reactions. Each A-Z entry provides a carefully condensed summary of valuable information that a chemist needs to understand and utilize these fundamental reactions in their work, including brief practical details. The book is illustrated with real synthetic examples from the literature and about 3,400 references to the primary literature to aid further reading. Extensive indexes (name, reagent, reaction) and a very useful functional group transformation index help the reader fully navigate this extensive collection of important reactions. With its comprehensive coverage, superb organization and quality of presentation, this long-awaited new edition belongs on the shelf of every organic chemist.
Handy reference guide that explains 750 established named processes and methods that are trusted and used by organic chemists to synthesize or transform moleculesProvides key data on each transformation including background, mechanism and--uniquely to books in this area--experimental detailsExtensive and multiple indexes allow the reader to search for information as and how they want and to rapidly plan transformations"

Coatings are used for a wide range of applications, from anti-fogging coatings for glass through to corrosion control in the aerospace and automotive industries. Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatings.
Part one covers technologies used in the creation and analysis of thin films, including chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films. Part two focuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, with chapters covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications, conventional and smart nanocoatings for corrosion protection in aerospace engineering and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applications.
With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Nanocoatings and ultra-thin films is an essential reference for professional engineers in the glazing, consctruction, electronics and transport industries, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the field.
Provides an up-to-date review of the fundamentals, processes of deposition, characterisation and applications of nanocoatingsFocuses on the applications of nanocoatings and ultra-thin films, covering topics such as nanocoatings for architectural glass, packaging applications and ultra-thin membranes for sensor applicationsIncludes chapters on current and advanced coating technologies in industry, nanostructured thin films from amphiphilic molecules, chemical and physical vapour deposition methods and methods for analysing nanocoatings and ultra-thin films

Radioactive wastes are generated from a wide range of sources, including the power industry, and medical and scientific research institutions, presenting a range of challenges in dealing with a diverse set of radionuclides of varying concentrations. Conditioning technologies are essential for the encapsulation and immobilisation of these radioactive wastes, forming the initial engineered barrier required for their transportation, storage and disposal. The need to ensure the long term performance of radioactive waste forms is a key driver of the development of advanced conditioning technologies.
The Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastes. The book opens with an introductory chapter on radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies. Part one reviews the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction, incineration and plasma treatment, as well as encapsulation methods such as cementation, calcination and vitrification. This coverage is extended in part two, with in-depth reviews of the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioning, including geopolymers, glass and ceramic matrices for nuclear waste immobilisation, and waste packages and containers for disposal. Finally, part three reviews the long-term performance assessment and knowledge management techniques applicable to both spent nuclear fuels and solid radioactive waste forms.
With its distinguished international team of contributors, the Handbook of advanced radioactive waste conditioning technologies is a standard reference for all radioactive waste management professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers involved in the development of the nuclear fuel cycle.
Provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on the various options available and under development for the treatment and immobilisation of radioactive wastesExplores radioactive waste characterisation and selection of conditioning technologies including the development of advanced materials for radioactive waste conditioningAssesses the main radioactive waste treatment processes and conditioning technologies, including volume reduction techniques such as compaction

Published since 1959, "Advances in Applied Microbiology" continues to be one of the most widely read and authoritative review sources in microbiology.
The series contains comprehensive reviews of the most current research in applied microbiology. Recent areas covered include bacterial diversity in the human gut, protozoan grazing of freshwater biofilms, metals in yeast fermentation processes and the interpretation of host-pathogen dialogue through microarrays.
Eclectic volumes are supplemented by thematic volumes on various topics, including Archaea and sick building syndrome. Impact factor for 2007: 1.821.
* Contributions from leading authorities and industry experts
* Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
* Reference and guide for scientists and specialists involved in advancements in applied microbiology

Resource allocation in wireless networks is traditionally approached either through information theory or communications networks. To break down the barriers between these distinct approaches, this book (whose preparation is carried out under the auspices of the EC Network of Excellence in Wireless Communications NEWCOM++) bridges the physical and network layers by providing cross-layer resource allocation techniques, models and methodologies.
Cross-Layer Resource Allocation's unique approach allows optimisation of network resources and will enable engineers to improve signal quality, enhance network and spectrum utilization, increase throughput, and solve the problem of shadowing. Topics covered include different views of spectral efficiency, the role of spatial diversity, of delay in resource allocation, and possible extensions to OFDMA systems.
This will be an ideal reference on cross-layer resource allocation between the PHY and MAC layers for R&D and network design engineers and researchers in universities dealing with sensor networks and cognitive systems.
""This is a nice treatise on the cross-layer optimization of wireless systems. The authors offer a useful guide on a timely subject most relevant to future generation of wireless communications." - Lang Tong, Irwin and Joan Jacobs Professor in Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, USA"
""The authors have written a book that offers to researchers and practitioners a thorough and comprehensive overview, with a cross-layer perspective, of theory, models and methods related to resource allocation in multi-user wireless systems." - Professor Velio Tralli, University of FerraraCommunication Technologies Laboratory"
Ana I. Perez-Neira is Professor of Signal Theory and Communication at Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, and Research Associate at Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels (CTTC).
Marc Realp Campalans has worked as a Research Associate in the Access Technologies Area at CTTC since 2002.
* Gives a full description of the characteristics of the PHY layer that promote efficient resource allocation strategies
* Gives special emphasis on cross-layer design for spatial diversity schemes
* Provides a framework for interaction between the PHY and MAC layers, their parameters of performance and their relationship
* Presents resource allocation as a cross-layer design based on an optimization of MAC layer parameters with an accurate model of the PHY layer

This book presents the most current scientific understanding behind most common pain disorders. Clinical scientists involved in pain science will gain a basic understanding of the causes of many types of pain and will be able to discuss various therapies with patients. Researchers new to pain science will gain an overall understanding of pain pathophysiology and targets for pain treatments. Covering every major aspect of pain science, from molecular and cellular pathways of pain to pain disorders and their treatments, Science of Pain bridges basic and clinical research like no other book on the topic. Edited by world-renowned pain scientist and Editor-in-Chief of the journal PAIN, Allan Basbaum, this book is an in-depth reference for basic and clinical scientists in pain research who must understand the basic science of pain, and help develop new treatment strategies for pain disorders.
* Presents the most current scientific understanding of neuroscience of pain, written by the world's leading experts
* Integrates basic neuroscience research and clinical aspects of pain disorders
* Covers both neurobiological basis and clinical treatment for a pain disorder (e.g., migraine, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, post-stroke pain)
* Covers pain pathways and mechanisms both in text and in full-color illustrations
* Includes topics specific to gender and age group addressing the trend in research toward developing individualized treatments

Coronary heart disease is the major cause of death in all industrialized countries. It may present to many hospital departments so a sound knowledge of managing acute cardiology is needed. This is a new edition of a widely used, key reference for health professionals who care for cardiac patients. It is practical, easy to understand, up to date and with a large resource of references for further reading. It not only encompasses modern cardiology practice, but also considers how the patient came to arrive on coronary care, and what will happen them after they leave. The combined authorship of doctor and nurse reflects the close teamwork vital to the management of both patients and their families. Management of the cardiac patent is a complex process and this book has a clear approach conveying the necessary information in an easily understood way. It also has an excellent evidence base to ensure best practice and should appeal to staff in every cardiac unit. "a classic text" British Journal of Cardiology "a standard textbook..highly recommended" Intensive and critical care nursing journal Up to date coverage of a rapidly developing field Offers a multi-disciplinary approach to coronary care Easy to read and therefore easily understood Research/evidence based content ensures best practice Adds material that reflects the growing literature on nurse-lead approaches to chest pain assessment, defibrillation, thrombolysis and specialist clinics (heart failure and dysrhythmias). Updates content in line with the latest guidelines from various medical bodies.

Data mining is often referred to by real-time users and software solutions providers as knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Good data mining practice for business intelligence (the art of turning raw software into meaningful information) is demonstrated by the many new techniques and developments in the conversion of fresh scientific discovery into widely accessible software solutions. This book has been written as an introduction to the main issues associated with the basics of machine learning and the algorithms used in data mining.
Suitable for advanced undergraduates and their tutors at postgraduate level in a wide area of computer science and technology topics as well as researchers looking to adapt various algorithms for particular data mining tasks. A valuable addition to the libraries and bookshelves of the many companies who are using the principles of data mining (or KDD) to effectively deliver solid business and industry solutions.
Provides an introduction to the main issues associated with the basics of machine learning and the algorithms used in data miningA valuable addition to the libraries and bookshelves of companies using the principles of data mining (or KDD) to effectively deliver solid business and industry solutions

Recent decades have seen growing concern about problems of electoral integrity. The most overt malpractices used by rulers include imprisoning dissidents, harassing adversaries, coercing voters, vote-rigging counts, and even blatant disregard for the popular vote. Serious violations of human rights, undermining electoral credibility, are widely condemned by domestic observers and the international community. Recent protests about integrity have mobilized in countries as diverse as Russia, Mexico, and Egypt. Elsewhere minor irregularities are common, exemplified by inaccurate voter registers, maladministration of polling facilities, lack of security in absentee ballots, pro-government media bias, ballot miscounts, and gerrymandering. Long-standing democracies are far from immune to these ills; past problems include the notorious hanging chads in Florida in 2000 and more recent accusations of voter fraud and voter suppression during the Obama-Romney contest. In response to these developments, there have been growing attempts to analyze flaws in electoral integrity using systematic data from cross-national time-series, forensic analysis, field experiments, case studies, and new instruments monitoring mass and elite perceptions of malpractices. This volume collects essays from international experts who evaluate the robustness, conceptual validity, and reliability of the growing body of evidence. The essays compare alternative approaches and apply these methods to evaluate the quality of elections in several areas, including in the United States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

Assessing Exposures and Reducing Risks to People from the Use of Pesticides will focus on practices that have been developed in the past 10 years marked from the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act and other pertinent legislation (eg the Clean Air Act Amendments), which deal all, or in part with reducing risks associated with pesticides.