This book explores the 'invisible' impact whiteness has on the lived 'black' experience in the UK. Using education as a philosophical and ethical framework, the author interrogates the vision of Black Radicalism proposed by Kehinde Andrews, exploring its potential applicability to grassroots activism. Clennon uses an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to draw together his previous writings on 'blackness', in effect crystallising the links between commercial (urban) blackness, the pathological structures of whiteness and institutional control. Drawing inspiration from Robbie Shilliam's cosmologically related 'hinterlands' as an antidote to the nature of colonial (Eurocentric) epistemologies, the author uses the polemical chapters as gateways to theoretical discussion about the material effects of whiteness felt on the ground. This controversial and unflinching volume will be of interest to students and scholars of race studies, particularly within education, and the lived black experience.

This book draws on case examples of contemporary black activism in South Manchester and contrasts them with events that surrounded C.L.R. James and his activism between 1935 and 1950. In doing so, the author considers what Brexit, the Labour Party and Theresa May's audit on racism in the UK have in common with the wartime decline of the British Empire, the rise and fall of the trade unions and the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. Clennon dialogues with James' theoretical frameworks around capitalism, neoliberalism and post-colonialism, and uses this creative interplay of ideas to help make sense of contemporary events and issues of social justice from a UK ethnic minority perspective. Using Fanon, Gordon, Marx and Chakrabarty amongst others, the study explores James' take on dialectical materialism and uses this as an ongoing analytical tool throughout the volume with which he weaves an uneasy path between post-colonial and post-Marxist theories. The Polemics of C.L.R. James and Contemporary Black Activism will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of social science disciplines, including sociology, cultural studies, education and black studies.

This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of UK African Diaspora health seekers and their sustained health inequalities in the health market. It translates their often-silenced voices into a decolonial praxis, where their experiences illuminate the hidden factors that have blighted change in health outcomes for these communities. The book excavates and breaks down the nature of these hidden factors, as historical patterns of behaviour that comprise whiteness over the longue duree. Using the lenses of decolonial and critical race studies, the book places whiteness within an ethical and moral framework in order to examine the hidden factors behind health inequalities. The book also looks at intersectionality and discusses whether it is actually fit for purpose as an analytical framework for discussing the health seeking behaviours of both Black men and Black women in relation to their unequal access to the health market.

This book draws on case examples of contemporary black activism in South Manchester and contrasts them with events that surrounded C.L.R. James and his activism between 1935 and 1950. In doing so, the author considers what Brexit, the Labour Party and Theresa May's audit on racism in the UK have in common with the wartime decline of the British Empire, the rise and fall of the trade unions and the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. Clennon dialogues with James' theoretical frameworks around capitalism, neoliberalism and post-colonialism, and uses this creative interplay of ideas to help make sense of contemporary events and issues of social justice from a UK ethnic minority perspective. Using Fanon, Gordon, Marx and Chakrabarty amongst others, the study explores James' take on dialectical materialism and uses this as an ongoing analytical tool throughout the volume with which he weaves an uneasy path between post-colonial and post-Marxist theories. The Polemics of C.L.R. James and Contemporary Black Activism will be of interest to students and scholars across a range of social science disciplines, including sociology, cultural studies, education and black studies.

When the police shoot or choke civilians in supposed fear and dread of the people they are meant to be protecting and as a consequence deny them the full due process of the law, powerful fears and beliefs are in many cases being fatally enacted and are rendering the law impotent. Where do these fears and beliefs come from? How do they become institutionalised to the extent that they are (re)produced by market-driven commercial values? Clennon argues that the commercialisation of the Black experience that comprises much urban popular youth culture exerts a coloniality of power that deeply influences all of our civic institutions via the formation and transmission of historical and marketised societal values. Drawing on Lacan, Benjamin, Freire, Collins, hooks and others, Clennon underpins his observations of his community enterprise research with young people with a theoretical framework that explores the interiorisation process of cultural oppression and liberation. Clennon also examines how the Freirean process of consciousness-raising can be applied to examine popular youth culture in ways that empower its consumers, as well as tracking the genesis of some of its more negative market origins.

Why does the Global North appear to be having a crisis of political will when it comes to welcoming refugees and migrants into their countries? Is this connected to a global rise of xenophobia? Amongst these international crises of conscience, we are witnessing a quiet humanitarian crisis that is one of cultural displacement. Can theoretical frameworks around "multiculturalism" assist our understanding of why movements such as #BlackLivesMatters are important for helping us to confront this growing civic phenomenon of internal ostracisation, disenfranchisement and displacement? Undoubtedly, an increasing number of communities around the world are beginning to feel like "outcasts on the inside" of their own homelands. What are the implications of this for the Human Rights Movement, where the seeds of these local tensions seem to be self-replicating exponentially in other local contexts around the world? Building on Bhikhu Parekh's Pluralist Universalism, this volume seeks to uncover some of the ideological and ethical challenges examined by the many concepts of "multiculturalism". From a global contextualisation of Pluralist Universalism to its interrogation through the lenses of cultural memory, nationhood and stakeholdership, this volume of international perspectives aims to provide a theoretical understanding of many global humanitarian crises of identity and belonging. Exploring some of the implications for the Human Rights Movement, as well as uncovering the psychopathological structures of globalisation and "whiteness", this volume will also examine the impact of "relational multiculturalism" on personal identity formation and national belonging.

How is it that today's young people are perhaps the most "cultured" they have ever been with virtually unlimited online access to new innovative underground subcultures whilst the gap between privileged and less privileged youth remains as wide as ever? This is a pressing question as young people from the most deprived backgrounds seem to inspire but not actually gain from the most commercially successful cultural innovations. It would seem that culture in its various facets, plays a complex part in defining and maintaining social inequalities. In this book, the author explores how youth culture and market ideologies combine to form oppressive hegemonies that maintain the gap between both the traditional and emerging new consumer classes. The author argues that it is the market power of youth culture that has influenced commercial culture as a whole with its control(s) and representations in ways that affects all of society. Questions around its control(s), ownership and distribution are crucial for the understanding of its role in the maintenance of social and structural inequalities. Drawing on Lacan, Benjamin, Freire, Collins, hooks and others, the author underpins his observations of his community enterprise research with young people with a theoretical framework that explores the interiorisation process of cultural oppression and liberation. The author also examines how the Freirean process of "consciousness-raising" can be applied to examine youth culture in ways that empower its consumers, as well as tracking the genesis of some of its more negative market origins.