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The politico-economic reforms launched during the late twentieth
century in post-Soviet Russia have led to contradictory and
ambiguous results. The new economic environment and mode of
governance that emerged have been subjected to serious criticism.
What were the causes of these developments? Were they unavoidable
for Russia due to specific factors grounded in the countrys
previous experiences? Or were they an intended result of actions
taken by the leaders of the country during the last few decades?
The authors of this book share neither a deterministic approach,
which implies that Russia is bound to fail because of the nature of
its economic and political evolution, nor a voluntarist approach,
which implies that these failures were caused only by the
incompetence and/or malicious intentions of its leaders. Instead,
this study offers a different framework for the analysis of
political and economic developments in present-day Russia. It is
based on four isideas, interests, institutions, and illusions.
Reexamining Economic and Political Reforms in Russia, 1985-2000:
Generations, Ideas, and Changes analyzes the impact of generational
changes and ideational changes on major political and economic
reforms conducted in Russia during the late twentieth century. This
book examines how the policy agenda was shaped by the ideas of the
generations' representatives for the sixtiers and seventiers.
Representatives of the generation of sixtiers conducted reforms
from 1985 to 1991 and invested major efforts in political
liberalization but did not pay enough attention to economic
reforms. On the other hand, the reformers from the generation of
seventiers, who were in charge of policy making from 1991 to 1998,
were genuinely oriented toward market building but rather
insensitive to the democratization of the political regime. This
book explores how these differences in ideational agendas produced
inconsistent and controversial outcomes from both stages of
reforms. As a consequence, Russia only partially implemented the
idea of market economic reforms, while the process of political
reforms resulted in the rise of new authoritarianism.
Reexamining Economic and Political Reforms in Russia, 1985-2000:
Generations, Ideas, and Changes analyzes the impact of generational
changes and ideational changes on major political and economic
reforms conducted in Russia during the late twentieth century. This
book examines how the policy agenda was shaped by the ideas of the
generations' representatives for the "sixtiers" and "seventiers."
Representatives of the generation of "sixtiers" conducted reforms
from 1985 to 1991 and invested major efforts in political
liberalization but did not pay enough attention to economic
reforms. On the other hand, the reformers from the generation of
"seventiers," who were in charge of policy making from 1991 to
1998, were genuinely oriented toward market building but rather
insensitive to the democratization of the political regime. This
book explores how these differences in ideational agendas produced
inconsistent and controversial outcomes from both stages of
reforms. As a consequence, Russia only partially implemented the
idea of market economic reforms, while the process of political
reforms resulted in the rise of new authoritarianism.
By the end of the 2000s, the term "resource curse" had become so
widespread that it had turned into a kind of magic keyword, not
only in the scholarly language of the social sciences, but also in
the discourse of politicians, commentators and analysts all over
the world-like the term "modernization" in the early 1960s or
"transition" in the early 1990s. In fact, the aggravation of many
problems in the global economy and politics, against the background
of the rally of oil prices in 2004-2008, became the environment for
academic and public debates about the role of natural resources in
general, and oil and gas in particular, in the development of
various societies. The results of numerous studies do not give a
clear answer to questions about the nature and mechanisms of the
influence of the oil and gas abundance on the economic, political
and social processes in various states and nations. However, the
majority of scholars and observers agree that this influence in the
most of countries is primarily negative. Resource Curse and
Post-Soviet Eurasia: Oil, Gas, and Modernization is an in-depth
analysis of the impact of oil and gas abundance on political,
economic, and social developments of Russia and other post-Soviet
states and nations (such as Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan). The
chapters of the book systematically examine various effects of
"resource curse" in different arenas such as state building, regime
changes, rule of law, property rights, policy-making, interest
representation, and international relations in theoretical,
historical, and comparative perspectives. The authors analyze the
role of oil and gas dependency in the evolution and subsequent
collapse of the Soviet Union, authoritarian drift of post-Soviet
countries, building of predatory state and pendulum-like swings of
Russia from "state capture" of 1990s to "business capture" of
2000s, uneasy relationships between the state and special interest
groups, and numerous problems of "geo-economics" of pipelines in
post-Soviet Eurasia.
By the end of the 2000s, the term "resource curse" had become so
widespread that it had turned into a kind of magic keyword, not
only in the scholarly language of the social sciences, but also in
the discourse of politicians, commentators and analysts all over
the world- like the term "modernization" in the early 1960s or
"transition" in the early 1990s. In fact, the aggravation of many
problems in the global economy and politics, against the background
of the rally of oil prices in 2004 2008, became the environment for
academic and public debates about the role of natural resources in
general, and oil and gas in particular, in the development of
various societies. The results of numerous studies do not give a
clear answer to questions about the nature and mechanisms of the
influence of the oil and gas abundance on the economic, political
and social processes in various states and nations. However, the
majority of scholars and observers agree that this influence in the
most of countries is primarily negative. Resource Curse and
Post-Soviet Eurasia: Oil, Gas, and Modernization is an in-depth
analysis of the impact of oil and gas abundance on political,
economic, and social developments of Russia and other post-Soviet
states and nations (such as Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan). The
chapters of the book systematically examine various effects of
"resource curse" in different arenas such as state building, regime
changes, rule of law, property rights, policy-making, interest
representation, and international relations in theoretical,
historical, and comparative perspectives. The authors analyze the
role of oil and gas dependency in the evolution and subsequent
collapse of the Soviet Union, authoritarian drift of post-Soviet
countries, building of predatory state and pendulum-like swings of
Russia from "state capture" of 1990s to "business capture" of
2000s, uneasy relationships between the state and special interest
groups, and numerous problems of "geo-economics" of pipelines in
post-Soviet Eurasia."
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