The 4th Annual International Conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications (COCOA 2010) took place in Big Island, Hawaii, USA, December 18-20, 2010. Past COCOA conferences were held in Xi'an, China (2007), Newfoundland, Canada (2008)and Huangshan, China (2009). COCOA2010providedaforumforresearchersworkingintheareasofcom- natorial optimization and its applications. In addition to theoretical results, the conference also included recent works on experimental and applied research of general algorithmic interest. The Program Committee received 108 submissions from more than 23 countries and regions, including Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, USA, Vietnam, etc. Among the 108 submissions, 49 regular papers were selected for presentation at the conference and are included in this volume. Some of these papers will be selected for publication in a special issue of the Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, a special issue of Theoretical Computer Science, a special issue of Optimization Letters, and a special issue of Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications under the standard refereeing procedure.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Bioinformatics Research and Applications, ISBRA 2017, held in Honolulu, HI, USA, in May/June 2017. The 27 full papers presented together with 18 short papers and 24 invited abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 131 submissions. They cover topics such as: biomarker discovery; biomedical databases and data integration; biomedical text mining and ortologies; biomolecular imaging; comparative genomics; computational genetic epidemiology; computational proteomics; data mining and visualization; gene expression analysis; genome analysis; high-performance bio-computing; metagenomics; molecular evolution; molecular modelling and simulation; next-generation sequencing data analysis; pattern discovery and classification; population genetics; software tools and applications; structural biology; and systems biology.