Today, wireless infrared transmission has entered our homes, offices, industry and health care, with applications in the field of remote control, telemetry, and local communication. This book is about the underlying technology. As it is an outgrowth of my Ph.D. thesis, the emphasis is on fundamental aspects rather than industrial aspects, like the standardization effort by the IrDA [7]. I guess that this is not a drawback, as, eventually, the laws of physics apply to all of us! As the applied radiation is not necessarily in the infrared, throughout the book we usually prefer the term optical transmission. As most equipment is battery-powered, the emphasis is on power optimiza tion of the optical transmission system. System parameters as well as environ mental parameters that determine the eventual transmission quality are iden tified, to facilitate well-reasoned system design. Many design rules, based on calculations, measurements and simulations are presented to help the designer push the performance close to the limits set by nature and the available tech nology. The first chapters introduce the subject and the present the scope of the book. Then, the basic transmission link is introduced in chapter 3, and strate gies to optimize its signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Lighting flicker is identi fied as a possible source of interference. Then, receiver noise and bandwidth are discussed in chapter 4, mainly based on the material presented in [66], [67], [69].

Today, wireless infrared transmission has entered our homes, offices, industry and health care, with applications in the field of remote control, telemetry and local communication. Low-Power Wireless Infrared Communications is about the underlying technology. As most equipment is battery-powered, the emphasis is on power optimization of the infrared transmission system. System parameters as well as environmental parameters that determine the eventual transmission quality are identified, to facilitate well-reasoned system design. Many design rules, based on calculations, measurements and simulations, are presented to help the designer push the performance close to the limits set by nature and the available technology. Firstly, the basic transmission link is introduced, and strategies to optimize its signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Lighting flicker is identified as a possible source of interference. Then, receiver noise and bandwidth are discussed. It is argued that noise optimization and bandwidth optimization do not necessarily conflict. The following chapters provide the reader with an overview of modulation and synchronization techniques. Pulse position modulation is recognized as an attractive technique for low-power purposes. As receiver synchronization in those systems is a subject hardly covered by literature, an in-depth discussion of possible synchronization subsystems is included. This book is essential reading for researchers and designers of infrared communication systems and those who are involved in standardization activities (Infrared Data Association, IrDA). For those who are new to the area, the first chapter serves as an ideal introduction.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in sustainable dairy production, helping the industry to develop more sustainable dairy products, through new technologies, implementing life cycle analysis, and upgrading and optimization of their current production lines. It aims to stimulate process innovations, taking into account environmental, economic and public relations benefits for companies. Topics covered include: How to set up a sustainable production line; How to quantify the carbon foot print of a dairy product by using life cycle analysis; Current technologies to improve the carbon foot print; What measures can be taken to reduce the global warming potential of the farm; Reduction of water use in dairy production; Marketing sustainable dairy products; Bench marking of dairy products against other food products; and, Potential future technological developments to improve the carbon foot print for the following decades.