Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides a patient with extra oxygen to breathe in. It is also called supplemental oxygen. It is only available through a prescription from a health care provider. Patients may receive it in hospital, another medical setting, or at home. Some people only need it for a short period of time. Others will need long-term oxygen therapy. There are different types of devices that can provide oxygen. Some use tanks of liquid or gas oxygen. Others use an oxygen concentrator, which pulls oxygen out of the air. The oxygen is administered through a nose tube (cannula), a mask, or a tent. The extra oxygen is breathed in along with normal air. This book is a concise guide to oxygen therapy for clinicians and trainees. Divided into four sections the text begins with an overview of the basic facts of oxygen, describing the different types and their individual uses in clinical therapy. Section two discusses the physiology and monitoring of oxygen therapy, and section three covers different devices and delivery systems, and oxygen toxicity (lung damage from breathing in too much extra oxygen). The final section examines oxygen targets in disease specifics, how the therapy works, and the effects of hypoxia (low oxygen levels in body tissues) and hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood).

This book is a comprehensive guide to clinical anaesthesia for practitioners and trainees. Divided into eleven sections, the text begins with a general overview, followed by discussion on anaesthesia delivery systems, monitoring, and equipment. A complete section is dedicated to different drugs used in anaesthesia. The next section covers anaesthesia for different types of surgeries in various body systems. The remaining chapters detail more subspecialty-specific anaesthesia including cardiac, obstetric, neuro, paediatric, transplant, and regional. The book concludes with a section on postoperative care. Authored by highly experienced experts in the field, the text is further enhanced by illustrations and figures to assist learning. Key points Comprehensive guide to clinical anaesthesia for practitioners and trainees Covers numerous types of anaesthesia for different surgeries and body systems Includes sections on pharmacology and postoperative care Highly experienced, expert author team

Perioperative care is the care that is given before and after surgery. This textbook is a complete guide to the anaesthetic and critical care management of patients undergoing complex surgeries in all organ systems of the body. Topics cover all age groups - neonates, children, and adults. Divided into 11 sections, the book begins with a general overview of critical care in the perioperative period discussing airway management, pain, fluid and electrolyte therapy, shock, arterial blood gas analysis, respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation, and thromboembolism. The following sections cover surgeries in different organ systems and patient groups - cardiothoracic and vascular, neurosciences, paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, orthopaedics, head and neck, and transplantation. The final section explains selected miscellaneous topics including nutrition, haemodynamic monitoring, echocardiography, renal replacement therapy, and antibiotics. Compiling 700 pages, the comprehensive text is further enhanced by clinical photographs, diagrams and tables. Key points Comprehensive guide to perioperative critical care in neonates, children and adults Covers complex surgeries in all organ systems Includes discussion on imaging, airway management, and ventilation Highly illustrated with clinical photographs, diagrams and tables

Reinforcement and Systemic Machine Learning for Decision Making

There are always difficulties in making machines that learn from experience. Complete information is not always available--or it becomes available in bits and pieces over a period of time. With respect to systemic learning, there is a need to understand the impact of decisions and actions on a system over that period of time. This book takes a holistic approach to addressing that need and presents a new paradigm--creating new learning applications and, ultimately, more intelligent machines.

The first book of its kind in this new and growing field, Reinforcement and Systemic Machine Learning for Decision Making focuses on the specialized research area of machine learning and systemic machine learning. It addresses reinforcement learning and its applications, incremental machine learning, repetitive failure-correction mechanisms, and multiperspective decision making.

Chapters include: Introduction to Reinforcement and Systemic Machine LearningFundamentals of Whole-System, Systemic, and Multiperspective Machine LearningSystemic Machine Learning and ModelInference and Information IntegrationAdaptive LearningIncremental Learning and Knowledge RepresentationKnowledge Augmentation: A Machine Learning PerspectiveBuilding a Learning System With the potential of this paradigm to become one of the more utilized in its field, professionals in the area of machine and systemic learning will find this book to be a valuable resource.

Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications.

This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.