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In this book are reported the main results presented at the "Fourth
International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy," held at the
Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily,
Italy, on April 12-19, 1991. The Workshop was preceded by three
workshops on the same subject held in Erice in 1984, 1986 and 1988.
The frrst workshop (Erice 1984) was dominated by presentations of
"Systems for Data Analysis"; the main systems proposed were MIDAS,
AlPS, RIAIP, and SAIA. Methodologies and image analysis topics were
also presented with the emphasis on cluster analysis, multivariate
analysis, bootstrap methods, time analysis, periodicity, 2D
photometry, spectrometry, and data compression. A general
presentation on "Parallel Processing" was made which encompassed
new architectures, data structures and languages. The second
workshop (Erice 1986) reviewed the "Data Handling Systems" planned
for large major satellites and ground experiments (VLA, HST, ROSAT,
COMPASS-COMPTEL). Data analysis methods applied to physical
interpretation were mainly considered (cluster photometry,
astronomical optical data compression, cluster analysis for pulsar
light curves, coded aperture imaging). New parallel and vectorial
machines were presented (cellular machines, PAPIA-machine,
MPP-machine, vector computers in astronomy). Contributions in the
field of artificial intelligence and planned applications to
astronomy were also considered (expert systems, artificial
intelligence in computer vision).
In the book are reported the main results presented at the Third
International Workshop on Data Analysis in Astronomy, held at the
EUore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, Italy,
on June 20-27,1988. The Workshop was the natural evolution of the
two previous ones. The main goal of the first edition (Erice 1984)
was to start a scientific interaction between Astronomers and
Computer Scientists. Aim of the second (Erice 1986) was to look at
the progress in data analysis methods and dedicated hardware
technology. Data analysis problems become harder whenever the data
are poor in statistics or the signal is weak and embedded in
structured background. Experiments collecting data of such a nature
require new and non-standard methodologies. Possibilistic
approaches could be merged with the statistical ones, in order to
formalize all the knowledge used by the scientists to reach
conclusions. Moreover, the last decade has been characterized by
very fast developments of Intelligent Systems for data analysis
(knowledge based systems, ... ) that would be useful to support
astronomers in complex decision making. For these reasons, the last
edition of the workshop was intended to provide an overview on the
state of the art in the data analysis methodologies and tools in
the new frontieres of the astrophysics (y-astronomy, neutrino
astronomy, gravitational waves, background radiation and extreme
cosmic ray energy spectrum). The book is organized in two sections:
- Data analysis methods and tools, - New frontieres in astronomy.
The international Workshop on "Data Analysis in Astronomy" was in-
tended to give a presentation of experiences that have been acqui-
red in data analysis and image processing, developments and appli-
cations that are steadly growing up in Astronomy. The quality and
the quantity of ground and satellite observations require more so-
phisticated data analysis methods and better computational tools.
The Workshop has reviewed the present state of the art, explored
new methods and discussed a wide range of applications. The topics
which have been selected have covered the main fields of interest
for data analysis in Astronomy. The Workshop has been focused on
the methods used and their significant applications. Results which
gave a major contribution to the physical interpre- tation of the
data have been stressed in the presentations. Atten- tion has been
devoted to the description of operational system for data analysis
in astronomy. The success of the meeting has been the results of
the coordinated effort of several people from the organizers to
those who presen- ted a contribution and/or took part in the
discussion. We wish to thank the members of the Workshop scientific
committee Prof. M. Ca- paccioli, Prof. G.De Biase, Prof. G.Sedmak,
Prof. A.Zichichi and of the local organizing committee
Dr.R.Buccheri and Dr. M.C.Macca- rone together with Miss P.Savalli
and Dr. A.Gabriele of the E.Majo- rana Center for their support and
the unvaluable part in arranging the Workshop.
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