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1. 1 Motivations Deciding is a very complex and difficult task.
Some people even argue that our ability to make decisions in
complex situations is the main feature that distinguishes us from
animals (it is also common to say that laughing is the main
difference). Nevertheless, when the task is too complex or the
interests at stake are too important, it quite often happens that
we do not know or we are not sure what to decide and, in many
instances, we resort to a decision support technique: an informal
one-we toss a coin, we ask an oracle, we visit an astrologer, we
consult an expert, we think-or a formal one. Although informal
decision support techniques can be of interest, in this book, we
will focus on formal ones. Among the latter, we find some
well-known decision support techniques: cost-benefit analysis,
multiple criteria decision analysis, decision trees, . . . But
there are many other ones, sometimes not presented as decision
support techniques, that help making decisions. Let us cite but a
few examples. * When the director of a school must decide whether a
given student will pass or fail, he usually asks each teacher to
assess the merits of the student by means of a grade. The director
then sums the grades and compares the result to a threshold. * When
a bank must decide whether a given client will obtain a credit or
not, a technique, called credit scoring, is often used.
Aiding Decisions With Multiple Criteria: Essays in Honor of Bernard
Roy is organized around two broad themes: * Graph Theory with
path-breaking contributions on the theory of flows in networks and
project scheduling, * Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding with the
invention of the family of ELECTRE methods and methodological
contribution to decision-aiding which lead to the creation of
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Professor Bernard Roy has
had considerable influence on the development of these two broad
areas. GBP/LISTGBP Part one contains papers by Jacques Lesourne,
and Dominique de Werra & Pierre Hansen related to the early
career of Bernard Roy when he developed many new techniques and
concepts in Graph Theory in order to cope with complex real-world
problems. Part two of the book is devoted to Philosophy and
Epistemology of Decision-Aiding with contributions from Valerie
Belton & Jacques Pictet and Jean-Luis Genard & Marc Pirlot.
Part three includes contributions based on Theory and Methodology
of Multi-Criteria Decision-Aiding based on a general framework for
conjoint measurement that allows intrasitive preferences. Denis
Bouyssou & Marc Pirlot; Alexis Tsoukias, Patrice Perny &
Philippe Vincke; Luis Dias & Joao Climaco; Daniel Vanderpooten;
Michael Doumpos & Constantin Zopounidis; and Marc Roubens offer
a considerable range of examinations of this aspect of MCDA. Part
four is devoted to Perference Modeling with contributions from
Peter Fishburn; Salvatore Greco, Benedetto Matarazzo & Roman
Slowinski; Salem Benferhat, Didier Dubois & Henri Prade; Oscar
Franzese & Mark McCord; Bertrand Munier; and Raymond Bisdorff.
Part five groups Applications of Multi-Criteria Decision-Aiding,
and Carlos Henggeler Antunes, Carla Oliveira & Joao Climaco;
Carlos Bana e Costa, Manuel da Costa-Lobo, Isabel Ramos &
Jean-Claude Vansnick; Yannis Siskos & Evangelos Grigoroudis;
Jean-Pierre Brans, Pierre Kunsch & Bertrand Mareschal offer a
wide variety of application problems. Finally, Part six includes
contributions on Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming from
Jacques Teghem, Walter Habenicht and Pekka Korhonen.
Semiorder is probably one of the most frequently ordered structures
in science. It naturally appears in fields like psychometrics,
economics, decision sciences, linguistics and archaeology. It
explicitly takes into account the inevitable imprecisions of
scientific instruments by allowing the replacement of precise
numbers by intervals. The purpose of this book is to dissect this
structure and to study its fundamental properties. The main
subjects treated are the numerical representations of semiorders,
the generalizations of the concept to valued relations, the
aggregation of semiorders and their basic role in a general
theoretical framework for multicriteria decision-aid methods.
Audience: This volume is intended for students and researchers in
the fields of decision analysis, management science, operations
research, discrete mathematics, classification, social choice
theory, and order theory, as well as for practitioners in the
design of decision tools.
Aiding Decisions With Multiple Criteria: Essays in Honor of Bernard
Roy is organized around two broad themes: * Graph Theory with
path-breaking contributions on the theory of flows in networks and
project scheduling, * Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding with the
invention of the family of ELECTRE methods and methodological
contribution to decision-aiding which lead to the creation of
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Professor Bernard Roy has
had considerable influence on the development of these two broad
areas. GBP/LISTGBP Part one contains papers by Jacques Lesourne,
and Dominique de Werra & Pierre Hansen related to the early
career of Bernard Roy when he developed many new techniques and
concepts in Graph Theory in order to cope with complex real-world
problems. Part two of the book is devoted to Philosophy and
Epistemology of Decision-Aiding with contributions from Valerie
Belton & Jacques Pictet and Jean-Luis Genard & Marc Pirlot.
Part three includes contributions based on Theory and Methodology
of Multi-Criteria Decision-Aiding based on a general framework for
conjoint measurement that allows intrasitive preferences. Denis
Bouyssou & Marc Pirlot; Alexis Tsoukias, Patrice Perny &
Philippe Vincke; Luis Dias & Joao Climaco; Daniel Vanderpooten;
Michael Doumpos & Constantin Zopounidis; and Marc Roubens offer
a considerable range of examinations of this aspect of MCDA. Part
four is devoted to Perference Modeling with contributions from
Peter Fishburn; Salvatore Greco, Benedetto Matarazzo & Roman
Slowinski; Salem Benferhat, Didier Dubois & Henri Prade; Oscar
Franzese & Mark McCord; Bertrand Munier; and Raymond Bisdorff.
Part five groups Applications of Multi-Criteria Decision-Aiding,
and Carlos Henggeler Antunes, Carla Oliveira & Joao Climaco;
Carlos Bana e Costa, Manuel da Costa-Lobo, Isabel Ramos &
Jean-Claude Vansnick; Yannis Siskos & Evangelos Grigoroudis;
Jean-Pierre Brans, Pierre Kunsch & Bertrand Mareschal offer a
wide variety of application problems. Finally, Part six includes
contributions on Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming from
Jacques Teghem, Walter Habenicht and Pekka Korhonen.
The purpose of Evaluation and Decision Models: A Critical
Perspective is to provide a critical thinking framework for all
individuals utilizing decision and evaluation models, whether it be
for research or applications. It is axiomatic that all evaluation
and decision models suffer some limitations. There are situations
where a decision model will not perform to expectations. This book
argues that there is no best decision or evaluation model, but that
decision-makers must understand the principles of formal evaluation
and decision models and apply them critically. Hence, the book
seeks to deepen our understanding of evaluation and decision models
and encourage users of these models to think more analytically
about them. The authors work in six different European
universities. Their backgrounds are varied: mathematics, economics,
engineering, law, and geology, and they teach in engineering,
business, mathematics, computer science, and psychology in their
universities. As a group, the authors have particular expertise in
a variety of decision models that include preference modelling,
fuzzy logic, aggregation techniques, social choice theory,
artificial intelligence, problem structuring, measurement theory,
operations research, and multiple criteria decision support. In
addition to their decision analysis research, all the authors have
been involved in a variety of high-impact applications which
include software evaluation, location of a nuclear repository, the
rehabilitation of a sewer network, and the location of high-voltage
lines. It is this variety within the authorship that unifies this
book into a systematic examination of how best formal decision
models can be used. The monographis an excellent tool for
researchers of decision analysis and decision-makers.
Semiorder is probably one of the most frequently ordered structures
in science. It naturally appears in fields like psychometrics,
economics, decision sciences, linguistics and archaeology. It
explicitly takes into account the inevitable imprecisions of
scientific instruments by allowing the replacement of precise
numbers by intervals. The purpose of this book is to dissect this
structure and to study its fundamental properties. The main
subjects treated are the numerical representations of semiorders,
the generalizations of the concept to valued relations, the
aggregation of semiorders and their basic role in a general
theoretical framework for multicriteria decision-aid methods.
Audience: This volume is intended for students and researchers in
the fields of decision analysis, management science, operations
research, discrete mathematics, classification, social choice
theory, and order theory, as well as for practitioners in the
design of decision tools.
Decision-aid Philippe Vincke Universite Libre de Bruxelles Over the
past decade the discipline of multicriteria decision-aid has been
extensively developed in the world of mathematics. As its name
indicates, multicriteria decision-aid aims to give decision-makers
a tool which should enable them to advance in solving decision
problems where several points of view must be taken into account.
Written by one of the leading authorities in the field, this book
provides a unique introduction to the foundations, models and
methods of multicriteria decision-aid. Challenging the monocriteria
decision-aid approach to problem solving, Vincke presents us with a
unique book which deals with preference modelling, the multiple
attribute utility theory, the outranking approach and interactive
decision-making methods in the same text. Multicriteria
Decision-aid is directed at graduates and postgraduates studying in
the fields of management, operations research, decision analysis
and all those who, in business and administration, wish to take
part in decision-making through scientific reasoning.
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