This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research on plants. This first volume is divided into two sections. Section A consists of 11 chapters covering the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants (including a chapter on genetic engineering in crop improvement). Section B is devoted to cytogenetics of cereals and millets (wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, maize, rice, pearl millet, and minor millets). More than one chapter is devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment of chromosome research (including molecular biology) in these crops.

The second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops, fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. This work will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been written by an expert who has been involved in chromosome research on a particular plant material for many years.

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources and environmental pollution have both accelerated development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which cannot be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying in large number the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited in the propagation of ornamental plants, especially foliage house plants, by com mercial companies. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recal citrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalurn album), Citrus, Mango (Mangifera indica), etc., offer a ray of hope of: a) inexpensive clonal propa gation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or "somatic embryo plants," b) protoplast work, c) cryopreservation, d) genetic transformation, and e) artificial or manufactured seed production."

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put a tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources; and environmental pollution have both accelerated the development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which can not be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding could become a novel approach to improving and multiplying a large number of the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited by commercial companies in propagation of ornamentals, especially foliage house plants. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recalcitrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus and mango (Mangifera indica), offer a ray of hope for inexpensive clonal propagation for large-scale production of plants or 'emblings' or somatic seedlings; protoplast work; cryopreservation; genetic transformation; and synthetic or artificial or manufactured seed production.

This book provides that knowledge needed to introduce individuals to the most important research and content on nanotoxicology in nanobiomedicine. Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize many technology and industry sectors: information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science, among many others. There is an urgent need for a general reference textbook that presents the most recent information on the toxicity and its effects in all these sectors, biomedicine in particular. It includes historical information, nanotoxicology by subject area and or disease, sources of nanomaterials, drug delivery systems and more. Scientists, researchers, and students in all fields that use nanotechnology will find this book essential reading.

With the recent growth of big data and the internet of things (IoT), individuals can now upload, retrieve, store, and collect massive amounts of information to help drive decisions and optimize processes. Due to this, a new age of predictive computing is taking place, and data can now be harnessed to predict unknown occurrences or probabilities based on data collected in real time. Predictive Intelligence Using Big Data and the Internet of Things highlights state-of-the-art research on predictive intelligence using big data, the IoT, and related areas to ensure quality assurance and compatible IoT systems. Featuring coverage on predictive application scenarios to discuss these breakthroughs in real-world settings and various methods, frameworks, algorithms, and security concerns for predictive intelligence, this book is ideally designed for academicians, researchers, advanced-level students, and technology developers.

The book provides easy-to-understand diverse specialized topics in toxicology using self- study questions and answers. The answers are in the form of text along with custom made diagrams and explanations that help the student audience to understand and grasp the matter easily. It is written specifically as a study guide for the toxicology board and other examinations.

This book volume has been divided into three sections and contains a total of 23 chapters. Section A contains eleven chapters covering topics such as studies of embryo development and cell biology of white spruce, proliferative somatic embryogenesis in woody species, somatic embryo germination and desiccation tolerance in conifers, performance of conifer somatic seedlings, apoptosis during early somatic embryogenesis, water relation parameters in conifer embryos, image analysis of somatic embryos, somatic embryogenesis in woody legumes, cold storage and crypreservation, and commercialization of plant somatic embryogenesis. Section B comprisis six chapters dealing with angiosperm woody plants such as somatic embryogenesis in myrtaceous plants, Laurus nobilis, Simarouba glauca, Magnolia spp., Juglans cinera, and somatic embryogenesis and evaluation of variability in somatic seedlings of Quercus serrata by RAPD markers. The chapters contained in Section C are focussed on somatic embryogenesis in gymnosperms, including Pinus patula, Encephalartos, Picea wilsonii, Pinus banksiana, hybrid firs, and Taxus. All the mansucripts have been peer reviewed and revised accordingly to improve the quality of these chapters. The final manuscripts were submitted as camera- ready to publication, and editors had no opportunity to go through them again before the final printing. Authors were advised to prepare final camera-ready manuscripts carefully to avoid any mistakes. Therefore, editors are not respon- sible for mistakes, if any, in this book volume. We are grateful to all the book chapter contributors for submitting their manuscripts in time, and to the reviewers for giving their free time to review the manuscripts.

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously un exploited tree resources and environmental pollution have both accelerated development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which cannot be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying in large number the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited in the propagation of ornamental plants, especially foliage house plants, by com- mercial companies. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recal- citrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus, Mango (Mangifera indica), etc. offer a ray of hope of: (a) inexpensive clonal propa- gation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or "somatic embryo plants"; (b) protoplast work; (c) cryopreservation; (d) genetic transforma- tion; and (e) artificial or manufactured seed production.

This book describes various methods and recent advances in predictive computing and information security. It highlights various predictive application scenarios to discuss these breakthroughs in real-world settings. Further, it addresses state-of-art techniques and the design, development and innovative use of technologies for enhancing predictive computing and information security. Coverage also includes the frameworks for eTransportation and eHealth, security techniques, and algorithms for predictive computing and information security based on Internet-of-Things and Cloud computing. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in exploring predictive modeling techniques and architectures to solve information security, privacy and protection issues in future communication.

The rapid progress on somatic embryogenesis and its prospects for potential application to improving woody plants prompted us to edit this book initially in three volumes, and now an additional three more volumes. We were all convinced that such a treatise was needed and would be extremely useful to researchers and students. This volume 6 is dedicated to Prof. Harry Waris, Helsinki, Finland, who did pioneer work on somatic embryogenesis during the time when Prof. Steward and others were actively engaged in this area. His former student Prof. Liisa Simols, University of Helsinki, Finland, has written a dedication Harry Waris, a pioneer in somatic embryogenesis' to her teacher Prof. Waris. This volume is divided into three sections and contains a total of 26 chapters. Section A comprises seven chapters covering topics such as: Historical insights into some contemporary problems in somatic embryogenesis (SE); Thin cell layer for somatic embryogenesis induction in woody trees; SE in tropical fruit and forest trees; SE in fruit and forest arid trees; Status of SE in Indian forest trees; SE research in fruit trees in India; Applications of SE for the improvement of tropical fruit trees. Section B comprises 15 chapters, dealing with: SE in oil palm, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), Araucaria angustifolia, Quercus suber, Aspidosperma polyneuron, Acacia senegal, Simmondsia chiensis, Cupressus sempervirens, pecan (Carya illinoinensis), rattan (Calamus spp.), tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea, longan (Dimocarpus longan Lor.), Aegle marmelos, and Euonymus europaeus. Section C comprises three chapters related to cryo-storage of citrus, conifers and rubber. All the chaptershave been peer-reviewed and revised accordingly to improve the quality of the chapters. We are thankful to all: (a) contributory authors for their co-operation in submitting manuscripts in time, and (b) reviewers for spending their valuable time in reviewing the manuscripts.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2023, held in Kolkata, India, during April 27–28, 2023.  The 47 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. The papers focus on advances of next generation computing technologies in the areas of advanced computing and data sciences.

This two-volume book constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2021, held in Nashik, India, in April 2021.* The 103 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 781 submissions. The papers in Part I and II are centered around topics like distributed systems organizing principles, development frameworks and environments, software verification and validation, computational complexity and cryptography, machine learning theory, database theory, probabilistic representations database management system engines, data mining, information retrieval query processing, database and storage security, ubiquitous and mobile computing, parallel computing methodologies, and others. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This book describes various methods and recent advances in predictive computing and information security. It highlights various predictive application scenarios to discuss these breakthroughs in real-world settings. Further, it addresses state-of-art techniques and the design, development and innovative use of technologies for enhancing predictive computing and information security. Coverage also includes the frameworks for eTransportation and eHealth, security techniques, and algorithms for predictive computing and information security based on Internet-of-Things and Cloud computing. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in exploring predictive modeling techniques and architectures to solve information security, privacy and protection issues in future communication.

This two-volume set (CCIS 905 and CCIS 906) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2018, held in Dehradun, India, in April 2018. The 110 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 598 submissions. The papers are centered around topics like advanced computing, data sciences, distributed systems organizing principles, development frameworks and environments, software verification and validation, computational complexity and cryptography, machine learning theory, database theory, probabilistic representations.

This two-volume set (CCIS 905 and CCIS 906) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2018, held in Dehradun, India, in April 2018. The 110 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 598 submissions. The papers are centered around topics like advanced computing, data sciences, distributed systems organizing principles, development frameworks and environments, software verification and validation, computational complexity and cryptography, machine learning theory, database theory, probabilistic representations.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2016, held in Ghaziabad, India, in November 2016. The 64 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 502 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Advanced Computing; Communications; Informatics; Internet of Things; Data Sciences.

Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential Concepts and Applications provides a crisp, easy-to-understand overview of the most important concepts, applications, and ideas needed to learn the basics of toxicology. Written by a pre-eminent toxicologist with over five decades of teaching experience, this comprehensive resource offers the hands-on knowledge needed for a strong foundation in the wide field of toxicology. Fundamentals of Toxicology includes a clear structure divided into five units to assist learning and understanding. The first unit provides extensive coverage on the background of toxicology including commonly used definitions and historical perspective, while following units cover: basic concepts; regulatory requirements and good laboratory practices, including types of toxicology testing and evaluation; toxic agents and adverse effects on health; and analytical, forensic, and diagnostic toxicology. This is an essential book for advanced students in toxicology and across the biomedical sciences, life sciences, and environmental sciences who want to learn the concepts of toxicology, as well as early researchers needing to refresh outside of their specialty.

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put a tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources; and environmental pollution have both accelerated the development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which can not be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding could become a novel approach to improving and multiplying a large number of the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited by commercial companies in propagation of ornamentals, especially foliage house plants. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recalcitrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus and mango (Mangifera indica), offer a ray of hope for inexpensive clonal propagation for large-scale production of plants or 'emblings' or somatic seedlings; protoplast work; cryopreservation; genetic transformation; and synthetic or artificial or manufactured seed production.

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously un exploited tree resources and environmental pollution have both accelerated development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which cannot be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying in large number the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited in the propagation of ornamental plants, especially foliage house plants, by com- mercial companies. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recal- citrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus, Mango (Mangifera indica), etc. offer a ray of hope of: (a) inexpensive clonal propa- gation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or "somatic embryo plants"; (b) protoplast work; (c) cryopreservation; (d) genetic transforma- tion; and (e) artificial or manufactured seed production.

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources and environmental pollution have both accelerated development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which cannot be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying in large number the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited in the propagation of ornamental plants, especially foliage house plants, by com mercial companies. Generally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recal citrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sandalwood (Santalurn album), Citrus, Mango (Mangifera indica), etc., offer a ray of hope of: a) inexpensive clonal propa gation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or "somatic embryo plants," b) protoplast work, c) cryopreservation, d) genetic transformation, and e) artificial or manufactured seed production."

In any rotating machinery system, the bearing has traditionally been a crit ical member of the entire system, since it is the component that permits the relative motion between the stationary and moving parts. Depending on the application, a number of different bearing types have been used, such as oil-lubricated hydrodynamic bearings, gas bearings, magnetic suspensions, rolling element bearings, etc. Hydrodynamic bearings can provide any desired load support, but they are limited in stiffness and the associated power loss may be quite large. Gas bearings are used for high-precision applications where the supported loads are relatively light, bearing power losses are very low, and the rotating speeds generally high. For super precision components where no frictional dissipation or bearing power loss can be tolerated, magnetic suspensions are employed; again, the load support requirements are very low. Rolling element bearings have been widely used for those applications that require greater bearing versatility, due to the requirements for high-load and high-stiffness characteristics, while allowing moderate power loss and permitting variable speeds. A study of the dynamic interaction of rolling elements is, therefore, the subject of this text. Texts covering the analysis and design methodology of rolling elements are very limited. Notable works include Analysis of Stresses and Deflections (Jones, 1946, Vols. I and II), Ball and Roller Bearings, Their Theory, Design and Application (Eschmann, Hasbargen, and Weigand, 1958), Ball and Roller Bearing Engineering (Palmgren, 1959, 3rd ed. ), Advanced Bearing Technology (Bisson and Anderson, 1965), and Rolling Bearing Analysis (Harris, 1966)."

The quality of human life has been maintained and enhanced for generations by the use of trees and their products. In recent years, ever rising human population growth has put a tremendous pressure on trees and tree products; growing awareness of the potential of previously unexploited tree resources; and environ mental pollution have both accelerated the development of new technologies for tree propagation, breeding and improvement. Biotechnology of trees may be the answer to solve the problems which can not be solved by conventional breeding methods. The combination of biotechnology and conventional methods such as plant propagation and breeding may be a novel approach to improving and multiplying a large number of the trees and woody plants. So far, plant tissue culture technology has largely been exploited by commercial companies in propagation of ornamentals, especially foliage house plants. Gene rally, tissue culture of woody plants has been recalcitrant. However, limited success has been achieved in tissue culture of angiosperm and gymnosperm woody plants. A number of recent reports on somatic embryogenesis in woody plants such as Norway spruce (Picea abies), Loblolly pine (Pinus taedb), Sandalwood (Santalum album), Citrus, mango (Mangifera indica), etc., offer a ray of hope of: a) inexpensive clonal propagation for large-scale production of plants or "emblings" or somatic seedlings; b) protoplast work; c) cryopreservation; d) genetic transformation; and e) synthetic or artificial or manufactured seed production."

This book constitutes selected papers presented at the First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, ICAIDS 2021, held in Hyderabad, India, in December 2021. The 43 papers presented in this volume were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 195 submissions. They focus on topics of artificial intelligence for intelligent applications and data science for emerging technologies.

The two-volume proceedings CCIS 1613 + 1614 constitute revised selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2022, which was held in Kurnool, India in April 2022. The total of 69 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 411 submissions. The papers focus on advances of next generation computing technologies in the areas of advanced computing and data sciences

The two-volume proceedings CCIS 1613 + 1614 constitute revised selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, ICACDS 2022, which was held in Kurnool, India in April 2022.The total of 69 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 411 submissions. The papers focus on advances of next generation computing technologies in the areas of advanced computing and data sciences.