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Production and utilization of sustainable energy toward maintaining
a clean environment is a major challenge. At the same time, the
continued depletion of fossil fuels and the global dependency on
non-renewable fuels is a chief concern. Moreover, the long-term
economic and environmental issues associated with the high
utilization of fossil fuel, such as global warming, are also
important, particularly in the context of the predicted increase in
the global population to around 5 billion by 2050. In recent years,
researchers have been investigating alternative, renewable fuels to
replace fossil fuels. Of the various options, biofuels are
especially attractive due to their low production costs and the
fact that they are pollution free. Also known as transportation
fuels, their energy is derived from biological resources or through
the biological processes. Biofuels such as biohydrogen, biomethane,
biogas, ethanol and butanol offer a number of advantages and can be
economically produced from cellulosic biomass. As such, they can
play a vital role in sustainably meeting future energy demands.
Biofuels have the potential to become a global primary energy
source, offering significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
as well as opportunities to increase economic and social
development in rural communities and reduce the problems associated
with waste disposal. However, low yields and lack of process
technology are some of the aspects that need to be addressed. This
book offers an overview of existing biofuels and the technologies
to solve the problems associated with their practical
implementation. Evaluating the biofuel options and discussing the
opportunities and risks in relation to resources, technologies,
practices, markets and policy, it provides insights into the
development of economically viable bioenergy industries.
Wireless communication has emerged as an independent discipline in
the past decades. Everything from cellular voice telephony to
wireless data transmission using wireless sensor networks has
profoundly impacted the safety, production, and productivity of
industries and our lifestyle as well. After a decade of exponential
growth, the wireless industry is one of the largest industries in
the world. Therefore, it would be an injustice if the wireless
communication is not explored for mining industry. Underground
mines, which are characterized by their tough working conditions
and hazardous environments, require fool-proof mine-wide
communication systems for smooth functioning of mine workings and
ensuring better safety. Proper and re- able communication systems
not only save the machine breakdown time but also help in immediate
passing of messages from the vicinity of underground working area
to the surface for day-to-day normal mining operations as well as
for speedy rescue operations in case of disaster. Therefore, a
reliable and effective commu- cation system is an essential
requisite for safe working, and maintaining requisite production
and productivity of underground mines. Most of the existing systems
generally available in underground mines are based on line (wired)
communication principle, hence these are unable to withstand in the
disaster conditions and dif?cult to deploy in inaccessible places.
Therefore, wireless communication is an indispe- able, reliable,
and convenient system and essential in case of day-to-day normal
duty or disaster situations.
Converting biomass to biofuels involves hydrolyzing cellulose to
sugars using cost-intensive commercial enzymes - an expensive step
that makes large-scale production economically non-viable. As such,
there is a need for low-cost bioprocessing. This book critically
evaluates the available bioprocessing technologies for various
biofuels, and presents the latest research in the field. It also
highlights the recent developments, current challenges and viable
alternative approaches to reduce the overall cost of producing
biofuels.
Production and utilization of sustainable energy toward maintaining
a clean environment is a major challenge. At the same time, the
continued depletion of fossil fuels and the global dependency on
non-renewable fuels is a chief concern. Moreover, the long-term
economic and environmental issues associated with the high
utilization of fossil fuel, such as global warming, are also
important, particularly in the context of the predicted increase in
the global population to around 5 billion by 2050. In recent years,
researchers have been investigating alternative, renewable fuels to
replace fossil fuels. Of the various options, biofuels are
especially attractive due to their low production costs and the
fact that they are pollution free. Also known as transportation
fuels, their energy is derived from biological resources or through
the biological processes. Biofuels such as biohydrogen, biomethane,
biogas, ethanol and butanol offer a number of advantages and can be
economically produced from cellulosic biomass. As such, they can
play a vital role in sustainably meeting future energy demands.
Biofuels have the potential to become a global primary energy
source, offering significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
as well as opportunities to increase economic and social
development in rural communities and reduce the problems associated
with waste disposal. However, low yields and lack of process
technology are some of the aspects that need to be addressed. This
book offers an overview of existing biofuels and the technologies
to solve the problems associated with their practical
implementation. Evaluating the biofuel options and discussing the
opportunities and risks in relation to resources, technologies,
practices, markets and policy, it provides insights into the
development of economically viable bioenergy industries.
Biofuels are one of the most sustainable options when it comes to
renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Biotechnological
processes, such as microbial fermentation, are used to produce
energy from waste biomass by converting organic substrates into
biofuels. This book discusses practices to improve and enrich
various microbial communities in order to enhance sustainable and
economical biofuel production. It also evaluates various strategies
to develop potential microorganisms and microbial consortia to
produce highly efficient biofuels at a relatively low cost.
This edited book presents nanotechnology-based approaches to
improve quality of biofuels production. It covers the use of
different nanomaterials in various biofuels production methods and
their sustainable utility analysis to improve production of
biofuels at economical and mass scale. Environmentally friendly,
low cost, and synthesis via green and renewable resources are the
main key features covered by this book. Advantages and
sustainability scope of green and renewable material to synthesize
nanomaterial and reduction in synthesis cost over to chemical
synthesis cost have been discussed in this book. The book also
explores various green synthesis possibilities to synthesize
nanomaterials that are frequently involved in biofuels production
process as catalysts. Various feasible mechanisms have also been
explained. Maximum and sustainable use of green nanomaterials at
every step of biofuels production is also one of the major focuses
of this book. It covers mega audiences, which include academician,
researchers, and industries people. This book will be highly
interesting for researchers and scientists as well as related
industries.
This edited book presents nanotechnology-based approaches to
improve quality of biofuels production. It covers the use of
different nanomaterials in various biofuels production methods and
their sustainable utility analysis to improve production of
biofuels at economical and mass scale. Environmentally friendly,
low cost, and synthesis via green and renewable resources are the
main key features covered by this book. Advantages and
sustainability scope of green and renewable material to synthesize
nanomaterial and reduction in synthesis cost over to chemical
synthesis cost have been discussed in this book. The book also
explores various green synthesis possibilities to synthesize
nanomaterials that are frequently involved in biofuels production
process as catalysts. Various feasible mechanisms have also been
explained. Maximum and sustainable use of green nanomaterials at
every step of biofuels production is also one of the major focuses
of this book. It covers mega audiences, which include academician,
researchers, and industries people. This book will be highly
interesting for researchers and scientists as well as related
industries.
This contributed volume presents new insight into sustainable
possibilities of combination of nanomaterial and bioenergy
production together. Biofuels as renewable energy sources have
tremendous potential to replace fossil fuels in future energy
scenario as biofuels production is likely to be advanced and novel
research areas offers green alternative energy sources. continuous
efforts are being made for the cost-effective production of
biofuels worldwide to balance its techno-economy. In series of
tremendous effort to improve biofuels production technologies, use
of nanomaterials to improve biofuels production efficiency is
highly emerging area with full scope to developed low cost, rapid
technologies for biofuels production. The book covers the practical
utility based properties of nanomaterial and bioenergy production
together. It also discusses the recent advancements on various
nanomaterial utility in biofuel production process along with its
low cost application. It covers mega audiences, which include
academician, researchers, and industries people. This book will be
highly interesting for researchers and scientists as well as
related industries.
The book revisit in depth scope of agroindustrial waste for
enhancement in biofuels production on practical ground. It explores
and discusses various cellulose rich agro-wastes along with low
cost, advance technology based options for sustainable biofuels
production. Lignocellulosic biomasses are potential producer of
biofuels due to renewable nature and huge occurrence. Cellulose is
the main polymeric component of these biomasses apart from lignin
and hemicellulose. It can be converted into fermentable sugars
using cellulase enzyme which can be further converted into the
renewable energy sources such as biohydrogen, bioethanol, biogas
and butanol. Chapters in this title provide exclusive and critical
analysis of specific biofuels production process only from
lignocellulosic biomass, based on their type, property,
availability, cost and most important sugar or cellulose content
along with the simplest process search for converting these
biomasses into biofuels to make overall process more simple and
economical.It is a useful guide for academician and
environmentalist who are working to explore feasible advantages
associated with these kinds of waste management and their effective
valorization. It is also a great resource for senior undergraduate
and graduate students, researchers, professionals, and other
interested individuals/groups working in the field of
biofuel/bioenergy.
New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and
Bioengineering: From Cellulose to Cellulase: Strategies to Improve
Biofuel Production outlines new methods for the industrial
production of the cellulose enzyme. The book compares the various
processes for the production of biofuels, including the cost of
cellulose production and availability. Biofuels are considered to
be the main alternatives to fossil fuels in reducing environmental
pollution and climate change. Currently, all existing biofuel
production is suffering because of the high costs of production
processes. As a result, cost effective practical implementation is
needed to make this a viable energy alternative.
Nano-Materials as Photocatalysts for Degradation of Environmental
Pollutants: Challenges and Possibilities contains both practical
and theoretical aspects of environmental management using the
processes of photodegradation and various heterogeneous catalysts.
The book's main focus is on the degradation of harmful pollutants,
such as petrochemicals, crude oils, dyes, xenobiotic pharmaceutical
waste, endocrine disrupting compounds, and other common pollutants.
Chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects. This
book is useful for undergraduate or university students, teachers
and researchers, especially those working in areas of
photocatalysis through heterogeneous catalysts. The primary
audience for this book includes Chemical Engineers, Environmental
Engineers and scientists, scholars working on the management of
hazardous waste, scientists working in fields of materials science,
and Civil Engineers working on wastewater treatment.
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