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Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind, Part 2 - Exegesis 243-427 explores
and clarifies the patterns, developments, and conclusions of
Wittgenstein's arguments in 243-427 of Philosophical
Investigations. Each numbered remark in Wittgenstein's text is
systematically analysed. Problematic expressions, phrases and
sentences are clarified, source remarks in Wittgenstein's Nachlass
that shed light on the text are elaborated. The bearing of the
remarks on deep philosophical problems is made clear. This volume
of exegesis of 243-427 has been extensively revised, incorporating
numerous references to original and secondary texts of Wittgenstein
that were not known to exist in 1990. New comprehensive tables of
correlation between the remarks of the Investigations and the
source of the remarks in the Nachlass have been added. A variety of
controversies of the last quarter of a century concerning the
private language arguments, the nature of thought and imagination,
consciousness and the self are addressed and settled explicitly or
implicitly in the new exegesis. All references to Wittgenstein's
text have been adjusted to the fourth edition, although page
references to the first and second editions have been retained in
parenthesis. These revisions bring the book up to the high standard
of the extensively revised editions of Wittgenstein: Understanding
and Meaning (2005) and Wittgenstein: Rules, Grammar and Necessity
(2009). They ensure that this survey of Investigations 243-427 will
remain the essential reference work on Wittgenstein's masterpiece
for the foreseeable future.
A milestone in the study of value in human life and thought,
written by one of the world's preeminent living philosophers The
Moral Powers: A Study of Human Nature is a philosophical
investigation of the moral potentialities and sensibilities of
human beings, of the meaning of human life, and of the place of
death in life. It is an essay in philosophical anthropology: the
study of the conceptual framework in terms of which we think about,
speak about, and investigate homo sapiens as a social and cultural
animal. This volume examines the diversity of values in human life
and the place of moral value within the varieties of values. Its
subject is the nature of good and evil and our propensity to virtue
and vice. Acting as the culmination of five decades of reflection
on the philosophy of mind, epistemology, ethics, and human nature,
this volume: Concludes Hacker's acclaimed Human Nature tetralogy:
Human Nature: The Categorial Framework, The Intellectual Powers: A
Study of Human Nature, and The Passions: A Study of Human Nature
Discusses traditional ideas about ethical value and addresses
misconceptions held by philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive
neuroscientists The Moral Powers: A Study of Human Nature is
required reading philosophers of mind, ethicists, psychologists,
cognitive neuroscientists, and any general reader wanting to
understand the nature of value and the place of ethics in human
lives.
A survey of astonishing breadth and penetration. No cognitive
neuroscientist should ever conduct an experiment in the domain of
the emotions without reading this book, twice. Parashkev Nachev,
Institute of Neurology, UCL There is not a slack moment in the
whole of this impressive work. With his remarkable facility for
making fine distinctions, and his commitment to lucidity, Peter
Hacker has subtly characterized those emotions such as pride,
shame, envy, jealousy, love or sympathy which make up our all too
human nature. This is an important book for philosophers but since
most of its illustrative material comes from an astonishing range
of British and European literature, it is required reading also for
literary scholars, or indeed for anyone with an interest in
understanding who and what we are. David Ellis, University of Kent
Human beings are all subject to boundless flights of joy and
delight, to flashes of anger and fear, to pangs of sadness and
grief. We express our emotions in what we do, how we act, and what
we say, and we can share our emotions with others and respond
sympathetically to their feelings. Emotions are an intrinsic part
of the human condition, and any study of human nature must
investigate them. In this third volume of a major study in
philosophical anthropology which has spanned nearly a decade, one
of the most preeminent living philosophers examines and reflects
upon the nature of the emotions, advancing the view that novelists,
playwrights, and poets - rather than psychologists and cognitive
neuroscientists - elaborate the most refined descriptions of their
role in human life. In the book's early chapters, the author
analyses the emotions by situating them in relation to other human
passions such as affections, appetites, attitudes, and agitations.
While presenting a detailed connective analysis of the emotions,
Hacker challenges traditional ideas about them and criticizes
misconceptions held by philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive
neuroscientists. With the help of abundant examples and
illustrative quotations from the Western literary canon, later
sections investigate, describe, and disentangle the individual
emotions - pride, arrogance, and humility; shame, embarrassment,
and guilt; envy and jealousy; and anger. The book concludes with an
analysis of love, sympathy, and empathy as sources of absolute
value and the roots of morality. A masterful contribution, this
study of the passions is essential reading for philosophers of
mind, psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, students of Western
literature, and general readers interested in understanding the
nature of the emotions and their place in our lives.
The Intellectual Powers is a philosophical investigation into the
cognitive and cogitative powers of mankind. It develops a
connective analysis of our powers of consciousness, intentionality,
mastery of language, knowledge, belief, certainty, sensation,
perception, memory, thought, and imagination, by one of Britain s
leading philosophers. It is an essential guide and handbook for
philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. * The
culmination of 45 years of reflection on the philosophy of mind,
epistemology, and the nature of the human person * No other book in
epistemology or philosophy of psychology provides such extensive
overviews of consciousness, self-consciousness, intentionality,
mastery of a language, knowledge, belief, memory, sensation and
perception, thought and imagination * Illustrated with tables,
tree-diagrams, and charts to provide overviews of the conceptual
relationships disclosed by analysis * Written by one of Britain s
best philosophical minds * A sequel to Hacker s Human Nature: The
Categorial Framework * An essential guide and handbook for all who
are working in philosophy of mind, epistemology, psychology,
cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience
Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind is the third volume of a four-volume
analytical commentary on Wittgenstein's Philosophical
Investigations, consisting of two parts. Part 1 is a sequence of
fifteen essays that examine in detail all the major topics
discussed in Philosophical Investigations 243-427. These include
the private language arguments, privacy, private ostensive
definition, the nature of the mind, the inner and the outer,
behaviour and behaviourism, thought, imagination, the self,
consciousness, and criteria. Published in 1990 to widespread
acclaim as a scholarly tour de force, the first edition of this
volume of essays provides a comprehensive survey of these themes,
the history of their treatment in early modern and modern
philosophy, the development of Wittgenstein's ideas on these
subjects from 1929 onwards, and an elaborate analysis of his
definitive arguments in the Investigations. The new second edition
has been thoroughly revised by the author and features four new
essays. These include a survey of the evolution of the private
language arguments in Wittgenstein's oeuvre and their role within
the developing argument of the Investigations, a comprehensive
essay on private ownership of experience and its pitfalls, a
detailed examination and defence of Wittgenstein's repudiation of
subjective knowledge of one's experience, and an overview of the
achievement and importance of the private language arguments.
Revised essays examine new objections to Wittgenstein's arguments -
which are found wanting- and incorporate new materials from the
Nachlass that were not known to exist in 1990. All references have
been adjusted to the revised fourth edition of the Investigations,
but previous pagination in the first and second editions has been
retained in parentheses. These revisions bring the book up to the
high standard of the extensively revised editions of Wittgenstein:
Understanding and Meaning (Blackwell, 2005) and Wittgenstein:
Rules, Grammar and Necessity (Wiley Blackwell, 2009). They ensure
that this survey of Wittgenstein's private language arguments and
of his accounts of thought, imagination, consciousness, the self,
and criteria will remain the essential reference work on the
Investigations for the foreseeable future.
A survey of astonishing breadth and penetration. No cognitive
neuroscientist should ever conduct an experiment in the domain of
the emotions without reading this book, twice. Parashkev Nachev,
Institute of Neurology, UCL There is not a slack moment in the
whole of this impressive work. With his remarkable facility for
making fine distinctions, and his commitment to lucidity, Peter
Hacker has subtly characterized those emotions such as pride,
shame, envy, jealousy, love or sympathy which make up our all too
human nature. This is an important book for philosophers but since
most of its illustrative material comes from an astonishing range
of British and European literature, it is required reading also for
literary scholars, or indeed for anyone with an interest in
understanding who and what we are. David Ellis, University of Kent
Human beings are all subject to boundless flights of joy and
delight, to flashes of anger and fear, to pangs of sadness and
grief. We express our emotions in what we do, how we act, and what
we say, and we can share our emotions with others and respond
sympathetically to their feelings. Emotions are an intrinsic part
of the human condition, and any study of human nature must
investigate them. In this third volume of a major study in
philosophical anthropology which has spanned nearly a decade, one
of the most preeminent living philosophers examines and reflects
upon the nature of the emotions, advancing the view that novelists,
playwrights, and poets - rather than psychologists and cognitive
neuroscientists - elaborate the most refined descriptions of their
role in human life. In the book's early chapters, the author
analyses the emotions by situating them in relation to other human
passions such as affections, appetites, attitudes, and agitations.
While presenting a detailed connective analysis of the emotions,
Hacker challenges traditional ideas about them and criticizes
misconceptions held by philosophers, psychologists, and cognitive
neuroscientists. With the help of abundant examples and
illustrative quotations from the Western literary canon, later
sections investigate, describe, and disentangle the individual
emotions - pride, arrogance, and humility; shame, embarrassment,
and guilt; envy and jealousy; and anger. The book concludes with an
analysis of love, sympathy, and empathy as sources of absolute
value and the roots of morality. A masterful contribution, this
study of the passions is essential reading for philosophers of
mind, psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, students of Western
literature, and general readers interested in understanding the
nature of the emotions and their place in our lives.
This fourth and final volume of the monumental commentary on
Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" covers pp. 428-693 of
the book. Like the previous volumes, it consists of philosophical
essays and exegesis. The nine essays cover all the major themes of
this concluding part of Wittgenstein's masterpiece: intentionality,
inductive reasoning, the arbitrariness of grammar and the bounds of
sense, negation, methodology in philosophical psychology, memory
and recognition, willing and the nature of voluntary action,
intending, and the mythology of meaning something. Wittgenstein's
writings on some of these themes have been relatively neglected,
and the analytical essays on the topics of intentionality, the
arbitrariness of grammar, and the will shed fresh light upon his
characteristically original contributions to these subjects, which
are highly relevant to current debates. The exegesis clarifies and
evaluates Wittgenstein's arguments, drawing extensively on all the
unpublished papers, examining the evolution of his ideas in
manuscript sources and definitively settling many controversies
about the interpretation of the published text.
This commentary, like its predecessors, is indispensable for the
study of Wittgenstein and is essential reading for students of
philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.
The completion of the Commentary will be followed by a
historical monograph entitled "Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth
Century Analytic Philosophy," which will give an overview of
Wittgenstein's achievement, locate his work within the mainstream
of analytic philosophy and examine his influence upon the
development of Cambridge analysis in the interwar years, upon the
ViennaCircle and upon postwar Oxford analytic philosophy.
This fourth and final volume of the monumental commentary on
Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" covers pp. 428-693 of
the book. Like the previous volumes, it consists of philosophical
essays and exegesis. The nine essays cover all the major themes of
this concluding part of Wittgenstein's masterpiece: intentionality,
inductive reasoning, the arbitrariness of grammar and the bounds of
sense, negation, methodology in philosophical psychology, memory
and recognition, willing and the nature of voluntary action,
intending, and the mythology of meaning something. Wittgenstein's
writings on some of these themes have been relatively neglected,
and the analytical essays on the topics of intentionality, the
arbitrariness of grammar, and the will shed fresh light upon his
characteristically original contributions to these subjects, which
are highly relevant to current debates. The exegesis clarifies and
evaluates Wittgenstein's arguments, drawing extensively on all the
unpublished papers, examining the evolution of his ideas in
manuscript sources and definitively settling many controversies
about the interpretation of the published text.
This commentary, like its predecessors, is indispensable for the
study of Wittgenstein and is essential reading for students of
philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.
The completion of the Commentary will be followed by a
historical monograph entitled "Wittgenstein's Place in Twentieth
Century Analytic Philosophy," which will give an overview of
Wittgenstein's achievement, locate his work within the mainstream
of analytic philosophy and examine his influence upon the
development of Cambridge analysis in the interwar years, upon the
ViennaCircle and upon postwar Oxford analytic philosophy.
This fourth and final volume of the monumental commentary on
Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations covers pp. 428-693 of
the book. Like the previous volumes, it consists of philosophical
essays and exegesis. The nine essays cover all the major themes of
this concluding part of Wittgenstein's masterpiece: intentionality,
inductive reasoning, the arbitrariness of grammar and the bounds of
sense, negation, methodology in philosophical psychology, memory
and recognition, willing and the nature of voluntary action,
intending, and the mythology of meaning something. Wittgenstein's
writings on some of these themes have been relatively neglected,
and the analytical essays on the topics of intentionality, the
arbitrariness of grammar, and the will shed fresh light upon his
characteristically original contributions to these subjects, which
are highly relevant to current debates. The exegesis clarifies and
evaluates Wittgenstein's arguments, drawing extensively on all the
unpublished papers, examining the evolution of his ideas in
manuscript sources and definitively settling many controversies
about the interpretation of the published text. This commentary,
like its predecessors, is indispensable for the study of
Wittgenstein and is essential reading for students of philosophy of
mind and philosophy of language. The completion of the Commentary
will be followed by a historical monograph entitled Wittgenstein's
Place in Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy, which will give an
overview of Wittgenstein's achievement, locate his work within the
mainstream of analytic philosophy and examine his influence upon
the development of Cambridge analysis in the interwar years, upon
the Vienna Circle and upon postwar Oxford analytic philosophy.
This major study examines the most fundamental categories in terms
of which we conceive of ourselves, critically surveying the
concepts of substance, causation, agency, teleology, rationality,
mind, body and person, and elaborating the conceptual fields in
which they are embedded. The culmination of 40 years of thought on
the philosophy of mind and the nature of the mankind Written by one
of the world's leading philosophers, the co-author of the
monumental 4 volume Analytical Commentary on the Philosophical
Investigations (Blackwell Publishing, 1980-2004) Uses broad
categories, such as substance, causation, agency and power to
examine how we think about ourselves and our nature Platonic and
Aristotelian conceptions of human nature are sketched and
contrasted Individual chapters clarify and provide an historical
overview of a specific concept, then link the concept to ideas
contained in other chapters
Wittgenstein: Connections and Controversies consists of thirteen
thematically linked essays on different aspects of the philosophy
of Wittgenstein, by one of the leading commentators on his work.
After an opening overview of Wittgenstein's philosophy the
following essays fall into two classes: those that investigate
connections between the philosophy of Wittgenstein and other
philosophers and philosophical trends, and those which enter into
some of the controversies that, over the last two decades, have
raged over the interpretation of one aspect or another of
Wittgenstein's writings. The connections that are explored include
the relationship between Wittgenstein's philosophy and the
humanistic and hermeneutic traditions in European philosophy,
Wittgenstein's response to Frazer's Golden Bough and the
interpretation of ritual actions, his attitude towards and
criticisms of Frege (both in the Tractatus and in the later
philosophy), the relationship between his ideas and those of
members of the Vienna Circle on the matter of ostensive definition,
and a comparison of Carnap's conception of the elimination of
metaphysics and of Strawson's rehabilitation of metaphysics with
Wittgenstein's later criticisms of metaphysics. The controversies
into which Hacker enters include the Diamond-Conant interpretation
of the Tractatus (which is shown to be inconsistent with the text
of the Tractatus and with Wittgenstein's explanations of and
comments on his book), Winch's interpretation of the Tractatus
conception of names, Kripke's interpretation of Wittgenstein's
discussion of following a rule (which is demonstrated to be remote
from Wittgenstein's intentions), and Malcolm's defence of the idea
that Wittgenstein claimed that mastery of a language logically
requires that the language be shared with other speakers. These
far-ranging essays, several of them previously unpublished or
difficult to find, shed much light upon different aspects of
Wittgenstein's thought, and upon the controversies which it has
stimulated.
Wittgenstein: Connections and Controversies consists of thirteen thematically linked essays on different aspects of the philosophy of Wittgenstein. After an introductory overview of Wittgenstein's philosophy the following essays fall into two classes. Some investigate connections between the philosophy of Wittgenstein and other philosophers or philosophical trends. Others enter into some of the controversies that, over the last two decades, have raged over the interpretation of one aspect or another of Wittgenstein's writings. These far-ranging essays, several of them previously unpublished or difficult to find, shed much light upon different aspects of Wittgenstein's thought, and upon the controversies which it has stimulated.
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