This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume presents an Empirical Model of Global Climate developed by the authors and uses that model to show that global warming will likely remain below 2C, relative to preindustrial, throughout this century provided: a) both the unconditional and conditional Paris INDC commitments are followed; b) the emission reductions needed to achieve the Paris INDCs are carried forward to 2060 and beyond. The first section of the book provides a short overview of Earth's climate system, describing and contrasting climatic changes throughout the planet's history and anthropogenic changes post-Industrial Revolution. The second section describes the climate model developed by the authors (Canty et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013) and contrasts the model with climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013 Report. Chapter 3 examines both the unconditional (i.e., firm commitments) and conditional Paris INDCs (commitments contingent on financial flow and/or technology transfer) through the lens of their climate model and concludes that if all of the Paris INDCs are followed, then they are indeed a beacon of hope for Earth's climate. The fourth part of the book offers a perspective of energy needs and subsequent emissions reductions required to meet the Paris temperature goals, illuminating challenges faced both in the developing world and the developed world. Throughout the book, easy-to-understand charts and graphics illustrate concepts. The scientific basis of Chapters 2 and 3 was first presented in a keynote session of the 96th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society in January, 2016.

P. S. HOPE and M. J. FOLKES Mixing two or more polymers together to produce blends or alloys is a well-established strategy for achieving a specified portfolio of physical proper ties, without the need to synthesise specialised polymer systems. The subject is vast and has been the focus of much work, both theoretical and experimental. Much ofthe earlier work in this field was necessarily empirical and many ofthe blends produced were of academic rather than commercial interest. The manner in which two (or more) polymers are compounded together is of vital importance in controlling the properties of blends. Moreover, particular ly through detailed rheological studies, it is becoming apparent that process ing can provide a wide range of blend microstructures. In an extreme, this is exemplified by the in situ formation of fibres resulting from the imposition of predetermined flow fields on blends, when in the solution or melt state. The microstructures produced in this case transform the blend into a true fibre composite; this parallels earlier work on the deformation of metal alloys. This type of processing-structure-property correlation opens up many new possi bilities for innovative applications; for example, the production of stiff fibre composites and blends having anisotropic transport properties, such as novel membranes. This book serves a dual purpose."

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume presents an Empirical Model of Global Climate developed by the authors and uses that model to show that global warming will likely remain below 2C, relative to preindustrial, throughout this century provided: a) both the unconditional and conditional Paris INDC commitments are followed; b) the emission reductions needed to achieve the Paris INDCs are carried forward to 2060 and beyond. The first section of the book provides a short overview of Earth's climate system, describing and contrasting climatic changes throughout the planet's history and anthropogenic changes post-Industrial Revolution. The second section describes the climate model developed by the authors (Canty et al., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013) and contrasts the model with climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013 Report. Chapter 3 examines both the unconditional (i.e., firm commitments) and conditional Paris INDCs (commitments contingent on financial flow and/or technology transfer) through the lens of their climate model and concludes that if all of the Paris INDCs are followed, then they are indeed a beacon of hope for Earth's climate. The fourth part of the book offers a perspective of energy needs and subsequent emissions reductions required to meet the Paris temperature goals, illuminating challenges faced both in the developing world and the developed world. Throughout the book, easy-to-understand charts and graphics illustrate concepts. The scientific basis of Chapters 2 and 3 was first presented in a keynote session of the 96th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society in January, 2016.

P. S. HOPE and M. J. FOLKES Mixing two or more polymers together to produce blends or alloys is a well-established strategy for achieving a specified portfolio of physical proper ties, without the need to synthesise specialised polymer systems. The subject is vast and has been the focus of much work, both theoretical and experimental. Much ofthe earlier work in this field was necessarily empirical and many ofthe blends produced were of academic rather than commercial interest. The manner in which two (or more) polymers are compounded together is of vital importance in controlling the properties of blends. Moreover, particular ly through detailed rheological studies, it is becoming apparent that process ing can provide a wide range of blend microstructures. In an extreme, this is exemplified by the in situ formation of fibres resulting from the imposition of predetermined flow fields on blends, when in the solution or melt state. The microstructures produced in this case transform the blend into a true fibre composite; this parallels earlier work on the deformation of metal alloys. This type of processing-structure-property correlation opens up many new possi bilities for innovative applications; for example, the production of stiff fibre composites and blends having anisotropic transport properties, such as novel membranes. This book serves a dual purpose."

This short story collection is enchanted. If you cannot resist whimsical imaginings with delicious twists, then treat yourself, to these poetic essays and storytelling poems... Imagine a sci-fi mind-body-spirit fusion tale involving futuristic technology, portals, parallel lives and loves, with a little time travel. The Ice Queen is an assassin at the top of her game, so just why is she fooling around with one of her besotted apprentices? If you could replay the last conversation you wished to have with an ex, while you are both trapped in a lift, what would you say? A playboy rescues a skeletal 'damsel in distress' much older than him, only to find out she is his saviour. These are just some of the people and situations that are perceptively explored in a voice ripe enough to lay bare the truth of the heart. You cannot make anyone love you.

How did I get here? Those were the words that David Hope thought as his boat, Summer Heat, was tossed in a storm on its way to the Bahamas. This book is the true story of his life, from his first experiences in sailing through his career as a Chesterfield County, Virginia Police Officer up until his ship was caught in a devastating storm. It's a story of humor, heroics, good luck and bad luck that recounts the tale of David and his crew (including Jammer the Wonder Dog), as they struggled to survive on Summer Heat. When disaster strikes, you need everything you have learned in life.

Reggae and Dancehall music and culture have travelled far beyond the shores of the tiny island of Jamaica to find their respective places as new genres of music and lifestyle. In Reggae from Yaad, Donna Hope pulls together a remarkable cast of contributors offering contemporary interpretations of the history, culture, significance and social dynamics of Jamaican Popular Music from varying geographical and disciplinary locations. From Alan 'Skill' Cole's lively and frank account of the Bob Marley he knew and David Katz's conversation with veteran music producers Bunny 'Striker' Lee, King Jammy and Bobby Digital; to Heather Augustyn and Shara Rambarran who both explore the role of music in the relationship between Britain and Jamaica in the post-independence 1960s, the contributors bring a new dimension to the discussion on the impact of Jamaican music. Drawn from a selection of presentations at the 2013 International Reggae Conference in Kingston, Jamaica, Reggae from Yaad continues the ever-evolving discourse on the meaning behind the music and the cultural and social developments that inform Jamaican Popular Music. Contributors: Heather Augustyn - Winston C. Campbell - Alan 'Skill' Cole - Brent Hagerman - Patrick Helber - Donna P. Hope - David Katz - Anna Kasafi Perkins - Shara Rambarran - Jose Luis Fanjul Rivero - Livingston A. White

International Reggae is an edited volume emanating from the International Reggae Conference hosted annually by the Institute of Caribbean Studies Unit at the University of the West Indies, Mona. Like the conference, this work seeks to consolidate and disseminate knowledge on Jamaican music and associated music forms.

Reggae Stories provides a range of perspectives on the development of Jamaican popular music and culture, in particular reggae and dancehall, and opens the door to new debates on these music forms and their producers and creators. It moves through early musical debates and incendiary intellectual contributions in Jamaican reggae to trace Jamaican popular music in new geographical locales, and then returns home to contemporary dancehall posturing. The contributors to this collection incorporate a range of approaches that include cultural studies, musicological analysis, lyrical analysis and historical contextualization. The collection makes a seminal contribution with its presentation of significant work on reggae music in the Hispanic Caribbean (Mexico), particularly for the benefit of English speakers who may have faced restrictions in accessing such material. In a similar vein, the work also introduces material on reggae music in the former Soviet Union (Belarus), again opening spaces that may have been hidden from the anglophone debates. The work also makes another significant contribution in tackling Peter Tosh's intellectual and lyrical legacy as a reggae revolutionary in an era where he has received scant literary and academic attention. Additionally, the work adds considerably to contemporary debates on dancehall music and culture's post-millennial identity debates by introducing a critical academic discourse on the lyrical and cultural posturing of popular dancehall artistes Tommy Lee and Vybz Kartel. ReggaeStories spans several important and connected points in the debates around adoption and adaptation of Jamaican popular music and culture in different cultural and geographical contexts and extends the discussion on how these musical and cultural forms have been transformed or retained in differing localities.

This work provides an accessible account of a poorly understood aspect of Jamaican popular culture. It explores the socio-political meanings of Jamaica's dancehall culture. In particular, the book gives an account of the power relations within the dancehall and between the dancehall and the wider Jamaican society. Hope gives the reader an unmatched insider's view and explanation of power, violence and gender relations in Jamaica as seen through the prism of the dancehall.