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Although the Latin American region's growth rates are at a three
decade high, they have been historically disappointing in relative
terms, which cannot be dissociated from the microeconomic
environment in which firms operate. Policy makers may need to
complement their focus on macroeconomic stability with an increased
emphasis on microeconomic reforms. By providing empirical evidence
linking actual firm performance to shortcomings in Latin America's
investment climate, the book discusses policies that could have a
significant impact on firm productivity by improving the
environment in which firms invest and operate.
Existe un consenso creciente en la comunidad cientifica de que el
calentamiento global es una amenaza real y presente. Aunque aun hay
una gran incertidumbre sobre la velocidad, magnitud e inclusive
sobre la direccion de los cambios climaticos futuros, hay
evidencias de que sus impactos fisicos y economicos seran
regionalmente diferenciados. Se sabe ademas que los paises en
desarrollo y las poblaciones de menores niveles de ingresos
presentan un mayor grado de vulnerabilidad. Por estas razones, es
fundamental que los paises de America Latina desarrollen sus
propias estrategias de adaptacion y participen activamente en los
esfuerzos internacionales para mitigar esta amenaza global.
'Desarrollo con Menos Carbono' intenta responder a una serie de
interrogantes sobre las causas y consecuencias del cambio climatico
en el caso de America Latina. ?Cuales son los impactos probables
del cambio climatico sobre los paises de America Latina y el
Caribe? ?Que paises, regiones y estratos socio-economicos podrian
ser los mas afectados? ?De que manera pueden los gobiernos de la
region incorporar el cambio climatico en sus politicas y programas?
?Que papel puede jugar America Latina en la mitigacion de un
fenomeno que es de naturaleza global? ?Como puede la comunidad
internacional mejor ayudar a America Latina a responder a estos
desafios? Aunque el estudio no aspira a ofrecer respuestas
definitivas para estas interrogantes, se espera que las
informaciones y analisis contenidos en el mismo permitan enriquecer
los debates sobre las politicas publicas mas adecuadas en esta area
cuya importancia para el desarrollo de la region es innegable.
Although the Latin American region's growth rates are at a three
decade high, they have been historically disappointing in relative
terms, which cannot be dissociated from the microeconomic
environment in which firms operate. Policy makers may need to
complement their focus on macroeconomic stability with an increased
emphasis on microeconomic reforms. By providing empirical evidence
linking actual firm performance to shortcomings in Latin America's
investment climate, the book discusses policies that could have a
significant impact on firm productivity by improving the
environment in which firms invest and operate.
There is an increasing consensus in the scientific community that
climate change is a real and present threat. Despite the large
uncertainty on the timing, magnitude and even the direction of some
of the physical and economic effects of this phenomenon, it is
widely accepted that these effects will be regionally
differentiated and that developing countries and lower income
populations will tend to suffer the most. In this context, it is
critical that Latin American and Caribbean countries develop their
own strategies for adapting to the various impacts of climate
change and for contributing to global efforts aimed at mitigation.
'Low Carbon, High Growth' contributes to these efforts by
addressing a number of questions related to the causes and
consequences of climate change in Latin America. What are the
likely impacts of climate change in the region? Which countries and
regions will be most affected? What can governments do to tackle
the challenges associated with adapting to climate change? What
role can Latin America and the Caribbean play in the area of
climate change mitigation? How can the international community best
help the region respond? While the study does not attempt to
provide definitive answers to these questions, its goal is to
contribute new information and analysis to help inform the public
policy debate on this important issue.
Workers' remittances have become a major source of financing for
developing countries and are especially important in Latin America
and the Caribbean, which is at the top of the ranking of remittance
receiving regions in the world. While there has been a recent surge
in analytical work on the topic, this book is motivated by the
large heterogeneity in migration and remittance patterns across
countries and regions, and by the fact that existing evidence for
Latin America and the Caribbean is restricted to only a few
countries, such as Mexico and El Salvador. Because the nature of
the phenomenon varies across countries, its development impact and
policy implications are also likely to differ in ways that are
still largely unknown. This book helps fill the gap by exploring,
in the specific context of Latin America and Caribbean countries,
some of the main questions faced by policymakers when trying to
respond to increasing remittances flows. The book relies on
cross-country panel data and household surveys for 11 Latin
American countries to explore the development impact of remittance
flows along several dimensions: growth, poverty, inequality,
schooling, health, labor supply, financial development, and real
exchange rates.
Informality: Exit and Exclusion analyzes informality in Latin
America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of
its growth. The authors use two distinct but complementary lenses:
informality driven by ""exclusion"" from state benefits or the
circuits of the modern economy, and driven by voluntary ""exit""
decisions resulting from private cost-benefit calculations that
lead workers and firms to opt out of formal institutions. They find
both lenses have considerable explanatory power to understand the
causes and consequences of informality in the region.""Informality:
Exit and Exclusion"" concludes that reducing informality levels and
overcoming the ""culture of informality"" will require actions to
increase aggregate productivity in the economy, reform poorly
designed regulations and social policies, and increase the
legitimacy of the state by improving the quality and fairness of
state institutions and policies. Although the study focuses on
Latin America, its analysis, approach, and conclusions are relevant
for all developing countries."" Informality: Exit and Exclusion""
will be of value to professionals and academics studying labor
market, social protection, tax, microenterprise development, and
urban public policies, and to those working in government,
international organizations, research institutions, and
universities.
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