Recent developments in various algebraic structures and the applications of those in different areas play an important role in Science and Technology. One of the best tools to study the non-linear algebraic systems is the theory of Near-rings.The forward note by G

This book provides a comprehensive foundation in Probabilistic Normed (PN) Spaces for anyone conducting research in this field of mathematics and statistics. It is the first to fully discuss the developments and the open problems of this highly relevant topic, introduced by A N Serstnev in the early 1960s as a response to problems of best approximations in statistics.The theory was revived by Claudi Alsina, Bert Schweizer and Abe Sklar in 1993, who provided a new, wider definition of a PN space which quickly became the standard adopted by all researchers. This book is the first wholly up-to-date and thorough investigation of the properties, uses and applications of PN spaces, based on the standard definition. Topics covered include:The theory of PN spaces is relevant as a generalization of deterministic results of linear normed spaces and also in the study of random operator equations. This introduction will therefore have broad relevance across mathematical and statistical research, especially those working in probabilistic functional analysis and probabilistic geometry.