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Sustainable world economy requires a steady supply of crude oil
without any production constraints. Thus, the ever-increasing
energy demand of the entire world can be mostly met through the
enhanced production from crude oil from existing reservoirs. With
the fact that newer reservoirs with large quantities of crude oil
could not be explored at a faster pace, it will be inevitable to
produce the crude oil from matured reservoirs at an affordable
cost. Among alternate technologies, the chemical enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) technique has promising potential to recover
residual oil from matured reservoirs being subjected to primary and
secondary water flooding operations. Due to pertinent complex
phenomena that often have a combinatorial role and influence, the
implementation of chemical EOR schemes such as
alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding and their combinations
necessitates upon a fundamental understanding of the potential
mechanisms and their influences upon one another and desired
response variables. Addressing these issues, the book attempts to
provide useful screening criteria, guidelines, and rules of thumb
for the identification of process parametric sets (including
reservoir characteristics) and response characteristics (such as
IFT, adsorption etc.,) that favor alternate chemical EOR systems.
Finally, the book highlights the relevance of
nanofluid/nanoparticle for conventional and unconventional
reservoirs and serves as a needful resource to understand the
emerging oil recovery technology. Overall, the volume will be of
greater relevance for practicing engineers and consultants that
wish to accelerate on field applications of chemical and nano-fluid
EOR systems. Further, to those budding engineers that wish to
improvise upon their technical know-how, the book will serve as a
much-needed repository.
This book presents the fundamentals of the reservoir and
interfacial engineering. The book systematically starts with the
basics of primary, secondary and tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery
and emphasizes on the theory of microbial-enhanced oil recovery
(MEOR) and its potential toward recovery of oil in place. Different
approaches of MEOR such as in-situ, ex-situ, and integration of
chemical- and microbial-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are discussed
in detail. This book highlights the link between the effectiveness
of MEOR and the local reservoir conditions, crude oil
characteristics, and indigenous microbial community. The latest
implementations of MEOR across the globe are highlighted as case
studies to outline the potential as well as the scope of MEOR.
Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for
professionals and researchers working in the areas of petroleum
science and engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology,
bioengineering, and other related fields.
This book presents the fundamentals of the reservoir and
interfacial engineering. The book systematically starts with the
basics of primary, secondary and tertiary (enhanced) oil recovery
and emphasizes on the theory of microbial-enhanced oil recovery
(MEOR) and its potential toward recovery of oil in place. Different
approaches of MEOR such as in-situ, ex-situ, and integration of
chemical- and microbial-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are discussed
in detail. This book highlights the link between the effectiveness
of MEOR and the local reservoir conditions, crude oil
characteristics, and indigenous microbial community. The latest
implementations of MEOR across the globe are highlighted as case
studies to outline the potential as well as the scope of MEOR.
Given the topics covered, this book will be useful for
professionals and researchers working in the areas of petroleum
science and engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology,
bioengineering, and other related fields.
Media in fact influences women to run for office in strive for
equal representation.Women's Portrayal through the media in fact
encourages them to stand against the status quo where media can be
used as a motivating factor in their decision to run as a potential
candidate. By approaching the media's continuing negative bias as
inspirational in itself, the media holds a counter effect by
inspiring more women to gain interest and increase the number of
women candidates for political representation.The discrepancy
between the number of men versus women with political aspirations
to shrink as the ever-increasingly large ranks of female college
graduates begin their careers, the gap between male and female
interest in political careers is present in women as young as high
school.......
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