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Extensively revised and updated to reflect the current state of
knowledge in the study of aging, this Fourth Edition offers a
complete profile of the aging process at all levels, from molecules
and cells to demography and evolution. Written by international
experts in current basic and clinical aging research, this text
includes aspects of individual, comparative, and differential
aging, and discussions of theories and mechanisms of aging. This
invaluable reference illustrates how bodily systems, organs, and
functions are affected with aging, describes how genetic and
environmental factors influence age-related changes, and addresses
some of the clinical consequences of these changes for health and
longevity. Well illustrated, with numerous tables and graphs, this
book presents up-to-date information from internationally renowned
experts in various bio-medical fields. New updated information
includes: emphasis on emerging technologies and recent advances in
biology and bioengineering that allow greater and longer
independence of the elderly recent therapeutic developments in key
diseases such as Alzheimer's, osteopenia, osteoporosis, high
cholesterol, diabetes, gastritis, sexual impotence, and using
transgenic animals as models of aging evaluation of the latest
knowledge on the roles of oxidants and antioxidants, and correlates
them with other aging-based theories expanded discussion of
nutrition and physical exercise chapters on gene and stem cell
interventions related to the aging process updated tables to
reflect current trends, new research data, and up-to-date
statistical information
This book is dedicated to the memory of two colleagues and friends,
Amico Big- nami and Hendrick Vander Los. They were both pioneers in
their fields: Bignami on on- togenesis and function of neuroglia,
and Van der Los on brain plasticity and neuronal circuitry. Their
ideas are further pursued by the authors in this book. Some of the
chapters are products of a conference dedicated to these two
scientists entitled "Recent Advances in Neurobiology: Plasticity
and Regeneration." The conference was organized by the Insti- tute
of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging and sponsored by the Region
della Valle d' Aosta. Also, several chapters are written by
colleagues who knew well either Amico or Hendrick and were invited
to contribute to this dedication. The book is divided in four
sections. The first part covers neurons, neuroglia includ- ing
microglia, their plasticity and phenotypic expression, and specific
functions and inter- actions. It is now established that neuroglia
are an intimate component of the neuronal environment and thought
to regulate several neuronal functions. More recently microglia
have become prominent as the immune cells in the CNS. This part
contributes new infor- mation for these cellular interactions. The
second part deals with neuronal and glial cell plasticity as it
relates to regeneration and neurodegeneration, more or less an
extension of Part I. In recent years the role of transplantation in
regeneration has become promising.
One of the most impressive advances in the field of neuroscience
over the last decade has been the accumulation of data on
plasticity and regeneration in the nervous system of mammals. The
book represents the contribution of a qroup of neuroscientists to
this rapidly expanding field, through a Conference organized by the
Institute of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging (IDNA). The
meeting was held in Torino, Italy during April 1990 in honor of a
great pioneer in the field of Neuroembryology, Professor Guido
Filogamo. His introduction of the concept of neuroplasticity has
had a significant impact on the study of neurobiology. This volume
is divided into six sections, each focusing on one of the subject
areas covered during the meeting Molecular and Cellular Aspects of
Central and Peripheral Nervous System Development; Hormones,*
Growth Factors, Heurotransmi tters, Xenobiotics and Development; In
Vivo and in Vitro models of Development; Development and Regulation
of Glia; Regeneration; and Aging.
The last decade has generated a multitude of studies using in vitro
model systems to explore growth and differentiation of the nervous
system. Although the findings have been exciting and have revealed
unique properties of neural cells, considerable concern continues
to be expressed regarding the significance of in vitro findings in
terms of their applicability to in vivo biological events. To
examine this issue further, a group of scientists pre sented and
discussed their findings at a conference sponsored by the Institute
of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging held in Crete, Greece,
26-29 May 1985. The conference was cosponsored by the University of
Crete and was generously supported by the Ministry of Research and
Technology of Greece, Tourism Organization of Greece, and also
Sandoz and FIDIA. The Directors of the Institute of Developmental
Neuroscience and Aging are indebted to these Institutions for their
support. For the success of this conference, the Directors owe much
to Drs. Eleni Fleischer-Lambropoulos and Yiannis Tsouderos, who
spent countless hours in making arrangements so that the
participants would have not only a scientific, but also a unique
cultural, experience. Several chapters of this book focus on the
complex phenomena of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and the
modulation of neuronal differentiation. The concept that neuronal
differentiation has both genetic and epigenetic components is
documented by elegant studies using both in vitro cultured cells
and neurons transplanted in vivo."
This book is dedicated to the memory of two colleagues and friends,
Amico Big- nami and Hendrick Vander Los. They were both pioneers in
their fields: Bignami on on- togenesis and function of neuroglia,
and Van der Los on brain plasticity and neuronal circuitry. Their
ideas are further pursued by the authors in this book. Some of the
chapters are products of a conference dedicated to these two
scientists entitled "Recent Advances in Neurobiology: Plasticity
and Regeneration." The conference was organized by the Insti- tute
of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging and sponsored by the Region
della Valle d' Aosta. Also, several chapters are written by
colleagues who knew well either Amico or Hendrick and were invited
to contribute to this dedication. The book is divided in four
sections. The first part covers neurons, neuroglia includ- ing
microglia, their plasticity and phenotypic expression, and specific
functions and inter- actions. It is now established that neuroglia
are an intimate component of the neuronal environment and thought
to regulate several neuronal functions. More recently microglia
have become prominent as the immune cells in the CNS. This part
contributes new infor- mation for these cellular interactions. The
second part deals with neuronal and glial cell plasticity as it
relates to regeneration and neurodegeneration, more or less an
extension of Part I. In recent years the role of transplantation in
regeneration has become promising.
The last decade has generated a multitude of studies using in vitro
model systems to explore growth and differentiation of the nervous
system. Although the findings have been exciting and have revealed
unique properties of neural cells, considerable concern continues
to be expressed regarding the significance of in vitro findings in
terms of their applicability to in vivo biological events. To
examine this issue further, a group of scientists pre sented and
discussed their findings at a conference sponsored by the Institute
of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging held in Crete, Greece,
26-29 May 1985. The conference was cosponsored by the University of
Crete and was generously supported by the Ministry of Research and
Technology of Greece, Tourism Organization of Greece, and also
Sandoz and FIDIA. The Directors of the Institute of Developmental
Neuroscience and Aging are indebted to these Institutions for their
support. For the success of this conference, the Directors owe much
to Drs. Eleni Fleischer-Lambropoulos and Yiannis Tsouderos, who
spent countless hours in making arrangements so that the
participants would have not only a scientific, but also a unique
cultural, experience. Several chapters of this book focus on the
complex phenomena of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and the
modulation of neuronal differentiation. The concept that neuronal
differentiation has both genetic and epigenetic components is
documented by elegant studies using both in vitro cultured cells
and neurons transplanted in vivo."
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