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On October 16, 1943, the Jews of Rome were targeted for arrest and
deportation. The Nazis, the Vatican, and the Jews of Rome examines
why-and more importantly how-it could have been avoided, featuring
new evidence and insight into the Vatican's involvement. At the
time, Rome was within reach of the Allies, but the overwhelming
force of the Wehrmacht, Gestapo, and SS in Rome precluded direct
confrontation. Moral condemnations would not have worked, nor would
direct confrontation by the Italians, Jewish leadership, or even
the Vatican. Gallo underscores the necessity of determining what
courses of actions most likely would have spared Italian Jews from
the gas chambers. Examining the historical context and avoiding
normative or counterfactual assertions, this book draws upon
archival sources ranging from diaries to intelligence intercepts in
English, Italian, and German. With antisemitism on the rise today
and the last remaining witnesses passing away, it is essential to
understand what happened in 1943. The Nazis, the Vatican, and the
Jews of Rome grapples with this particular, awful episode within
the larger, horrifying story of the Holocaust. Despite the
inadequacy of memory, we must continue to attempt to make sense of
the inexplicable.
On October 16, 1943, the Jews of Rome were targeted for arrest and
deportation. The Nazis, the Vatican, and the Jews of Rome examines
why-and more importantly how-it could have been avoided, featuring
new evidence and insight into the Vatican's involvement. At the
time, Rome was within reach of the Allies, but the overwhelming
force of the Wehrmacht, Gestapo, and SS in Rome precluded direct
confrontation. Moral condemnations would not have worked, nor would
direct confrontation by the Italians, Jewish leadership, or even
the Vatican. Gallo underscores the necessity of determining what
courses of actions most likely would have spared Italian Jews from
the gas chambers. Examining the historical context and avoiding
normative or counterfactual assertions, this book draws upon
archival sources ranging from diaries to intelligence intercepts in
English, Italian, and German. With antisemitism on the rise today
and the last remaining witnesses passing away, it is essential to
understand what happened in 1943. The Nazis, the Vatican, and the
Jews of Rome grapples with this particular, awful episode within
the larger, horrifying story of the Holocaust. Despite the
inadequacy of memory, we must continue to attempt to make sense of
the inexplicable.
When Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli became Pope Pius XII in 1939, the
Nazis had invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia and were poised to
strike Poland. Jews and other minorities were already being sent to
concentration camps, and the world was on the verge of another
horrific war. The prevailing historical interpretation of the era
was that Pius XII had a stated anti - Nazi and anti - Fascist
policy; he tried to bring an end to the persecution and gave aid
and comfort to those who were persecuted. Revisionist views,
however, portray Pius XII as a silent, passive individual who
ignored the treatment of Jews, Christians and other minorities - a
man who could have stopped the holocaust and didn't. Through a
series of articles and essays, the editor and eight contributors
critique the works of revisionists who allege that Pius XII was
sympathetic to the Nazis or unresistant to their atrocities. The
essays discuss the roots of these views in the relentless Nazi and
communist propaganda of the era, and the debate's revival after a
1960s stage play portrayed the pope as a leader afraid to speak
out. By bringing intellectual rigor and responsibility to the
issue, this work makes a solid contribution to the history of the
papacy and to the biography of Pius XII.
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